MUSCLES OF THE Tltl \ A 195 



of tho atlas; they are carried from thence forward, upward, and in wan 1. to 

 to l>e attached termination 1, To tho styloid process of the occipital bones ; 

 2, To tho external surface of that bone, on the imprints which border the 

 nmstui.l i n>t posteriorly; 3, To the mastoid crest itself. This muscle is 

 covered by tho mastoid tendon of the small complexus, by tho superior 

 apon.'iirosis of the splenius, and that of the mastoido-hnmeralis. It covers 

 tin- occipito-atloid articulation, tho occipital insertion of the posterior 

 st might muscles of tho head, and tho origin of the occipito-styloid and 

 digastric muscles. It inclines the head on the atlas, and slightly extends it. 



10. Posterior Great Straight Muscle of the Head. (Fig. 104, 5.) 



is. - Small complexus and greut posterior straight muscle Bourgelat. Long 

 ami short axoido-ocoipitalis Girard. (Complestu minor and reclus cupitis posticu* 

 I't'n-iriill. I.eyh gives this muscle the same designations as Girard. It is the 

 ''* ponticui major and medius of Mun.) 



Form Structure Situation. Elongated, prismatic, easily divisible into 

 two fasciculi one superficial, the complexus minor of Bourgelat (and Per- 

 civall) ; the other deep, the great posterior straight muscle of Bourgelat ' :iml 

 the rccliix i-itfifix i>8ticus major of Percivall) entirely fleshy, and formed of 

 parallel fibres, this muscle is lodged, with tho small posterior straight 

 muscle, in a triangular space circumscribed by the cord of the cervical liga- 

 ment and the internal border of the oblique muscles. 



Attachments. It is attached, by its superior extremity, to the whole 

 extent of the uneven lip which terminates the spinous process of the axis 

 insertion. Its anterior extremity is insinuated beneath the small 

 oblique muscle, and is fixed to the occipital bone, behind the superior 

 insertion of the great complexus, whose tendon receives some of the fibres 

 of the superficial fasciculus movable insertion. 



Relations. Above, with the great complexus ; below, with the small 

 straight muscle ; inwards, with the cord of the cervical ligament and tho 

 analogous muscle of the opposite side ; outwards, with the oblique muscles. 



Action. This muscle, a congener of the great complexus, aids in 

 extending the head. 



11. Small Posterior Straight Muscle. (Fig. 104, 6.) 



'iii/int. Atloido-occipitalis Girard. (l!-,tn <-<ipitis pontictis minor Percivall. 

 Tli- Ailni'l'-'x-rii-itnliit nij" rior of Leyh. The recttu capitit po*ticu minor of Man.) 



A very small, wide, and triangular muscle, flat above and below, and 

 iiniii. .liati ly upon the fibrous capsule >f the occipito-atloid articulation. It 

 is attached, posteriorly, to the superior face of the atlas origin ; in front, to 

 tho external surface of the occipital bone, below the preceding muscle, whoso 

 art i m it shares. 



B. Inferior Cervical or Trachelian Region. 



The muscles composing this region are situated in front of the cervical 

 vertebra), and are, for tho most part, grouped around tho trachea, which they 

 envelop as in a kind of sheath. They are elcvm in number : the niti,-n/,ii- 

 nnmrlf <,f the neck, the ntastoido-humcralis, stcrno-maxillarls, *tern-liif<tideiu t 

 sterna thi/mi'tlt its, omo- or subscapulo-hyoideus, tho great aud small anterior 

 .lit muscles of the head, the small straight lateral muscle, the $calcnus, and 

 tin- /.//./ n,n*.le of the *(/.-. 



o 2 



