1% '////; . 



. 1. rimv tin- animal in the first position. '2. I!em<ive tin- skin of this 

 region, in tinliT to exjxwe and study tin- cuticular mn-cle. .'!. K. mo\v that muscle 

 ami tlif pirotid inland to prepare the mastoido-humeralis, 1 the stylo-maxillaris. .st.-rno- 



hjoideug, and gterno-thTToidecia. 4. Tranirenely eat thratigfa tin- mastoiilo-imiM' 



near tin- an.u'le of tin- uoolder, and isolate it from tin- Bubaoapnlo-hyoideiu to expose 



this muscle; taking care to ] (reserve tlie jugular vein ami parotid ^laml. in < Tiler to study 

 their relations with it. . r >. Kcmove the fore limbs ; open the thoracic cavity by sawing 

 through the ei^'lit tirst ribs near their .superior extremity : take uiit the vi-c.-ia e<.ni 

 in this cavity, as well as tho trachea, (esophagus, pharynx, ami larynx, to c -\]>. >.-> tin; 

 long muscle of the neck, the scalcnus, and the straight muscles of tho head. 



1. Subcutaneous Muscle of the Neck. (Figs. 102, 12 ; 114, 1.) 



Synonyms. It has been described by Bourgelat, and tho majority of veterinary 

 anatomists who have followed him, as two muscles : the cuticularis of the m-ek ami tin- 

 face. (Percivall includes this muscle in his description of the pannicultus caniosuf.) 



This is a membraiiiform expansion, partly fleshy, partly aponem 

 which covers the muscles of tho neck, the intermaxillary space, and the 

 face. 



The fleshy fibres form, in front of the neck, a thin band, which is united, 

 through the medium of a fibrous raphe, to that of the opposite side. This 

 band is in contact with the sterno-maxillary, stcrno-hyoid, subscapulo-hyoid, 

 and sterno-thyroid muscles, as well as the jugular vein : enveloping them 

 all as in a sort of gutter. It gradually thins from below upwards, in such :i 

 manner that around the upper part of the throat it is only composed of some 

 scattered fibres. In the intermaxillary space, and on tho expanding borders 

 of tho maxillary branches, the fleshy fibres appear again of a certain 

 thickness, but only to become attenuated on the external surface of tho 

 cheeks. 



These fleshy fibres leave the anterior prolongment of the sternum 2 and 

 intermediate middle raphe of the two muscles, and directing their course 

 outwards an I -Awards, soon become confounded with the aponeurosis. Tho 

 latter, extremely thin, is spread over the mastoido-humeralis, the superior 

 cervical muscles, parotid region, and the cheeks, and is finally attached to 

 the zygomatic crest. On arriving near the commissure of the lips, the 

 cuticular muscle is united to the alveolo-labialis (or buccinator muscle j by 

 a fleshy fasciculus named, in Man, the risorius santorini (Fig. 110, 24). 



The cuticularis colli braces the muscles it covers during their contraction 

 and pulls backwards the commissures of the lips. We doubt very inudi 

 whether it has, in the cervical region at least, any action on the skin, for it 

 adheres but very slightly to its inner surface. 



2. Mastoido-humeralis. (Figs. 102, 105, 106, 114.) 



Synonyms. The muscle common to the arm, neck, and head Bourgelat. Repre- 

 eentiug the cleido-mastoid, and the clavicular portions of the trupezius and deltoiil of 



1 The mastoido-humeralis may be dinsoctcd at the same time as the trajM /ins. the 

 subject being placed in the second position. This conveniently permits the guj 

 insertions of the muscle to be studied. (See fif*. 102). 



* It will be seen, on referring to figure 114 and its legend, that \M- n More to tho 

 cuticular muscle of the neck the sternal band attributed until now to the mn>t..i.l.,- 

 liumeralis. These are the considerations whieli induce us to make this modification : 

 1, This band is not distinct from the outicularis of the neck ; a separation between tins 

 two muscles can only be artificially obtained. '_', In di^s.-etim,' this Kami with rare, wi; 

 can see that its fibres, like those of the eiiticularis, are not mixed with those of the 

 mastoido-humeralis (superficial portion); they pass along the external surface of that 

 muscle, to which they intimately adhere, it I'M true, but they can easily L M panted, and 

 are continuous with the aponeuiogis of the first. 



