Ml *CLES OF THE TRUNK. 201 



trn<1on common to it and the fasciculus of the opposite ide, and which 

 ves the most superficial fibres of the three or four preceding fasciculi. 



Ri /'tfioii*. Above and behind, with the vertebra) which it covers, as 

 will as their inter vertebral dines; below and in front, with the trachea 

 and O3sophagus, and the vessels and nerves accompanying these two tubes ; 

 on the sides, with the great anterior straight and the scalenus muscles in its 



ical portion, and in its intrathoracic portion, with the pleura, and 

 important vessels and nerves. 



Ai-tion. It flexes the whole neck, and the cervical vertebrae on one 

 mother. 



IIEXTIAL CHARACTERS OF THE MUSCLES OF THE CERVICAL REGION IN OTHER THAN 

 6OLIPED ANIMALS. 



A. Superior Cervical Region. 



1. RIMIXASTS. In the Or, the anguUiris arises by six digitations from all the cervical 

 vi-rt lira> except the first; the splenius is little developed, and is not attached to either 

 tin- third or fourth cenii-al vertebra. 



J. PIG. The nm-r-li-s of the superior cervical region in this animal are generally 



i veli >j >ed. The rhomboideus is divided into two fleshy bodies, one of which proceeds 



t the occipital protuberance, and the other to the rudimentary cervical ligament and 



tin- tir.-t dorsal vertebrae. The angularis is attached, as in Ruminants, to the six cervical 



vertebra ; sometimes it even shows a digitation that descends to the atlas. The splenius 



only terminates anteriorly by three fleshy bodies; but they are voluminous, and are 



. -d, one into the atlas, another into the mastoid crest, and the third into the occipital 



l>rotul>erance. In the great comphxus, the two portions are completely separated from 



tin T, except at their upper extremity, by the interspace lodging the superior 



:il artery. The aponeurosis attaching the muscle to the spiuous processes of the 



fir.- 1 dorsal vertebrae is not confounded with that of the splenius or the small anterior 



s. rnited respiratory muscle. The atloidean fleshy body of the small complexns is scarcely 



di>tinct from the superior branch of the ilio-spinalis and the intertransversales. Lastly, 



it is ilillicult to distinguish the small posterior straight muscle from the deep fasciculus 



Jit muscle. 



".. ('AKXiV'iitA. In these animals the muscles of the superior cervical region are 



nearly all voluminous, as in the Pig. The rhomlotdeus is bifid at its origin, and its 



anti rior branch arises from the mastoid crest. The ungularis is also attached to the last 



rvical vi rtebrae. Very thick and broad, the tplcnius only passes to the atlas and 



1 crest. The oblique and straight posterior muscles of the head are also remarkably 



thick. 





 B. Inferior Cervical or Trachelian Region. 



1. RrMijfAXTs In the Ox and Sfieep, the disposition of the cuticularit cotti offers a 



considerable dini-remv from that ]., rved in Solijeds. The fleshy portion is 



t, or appears to be absent, in tin- cervical region; the anterior muscles of the neck 



u\- covered by a thin fascia developed on the sides of the neck. AVlu-n this 



reaches the face, it !>.<-. , Ini s r.,imim..us with the tle.-hy fibres; a fasciculus of 



tin >< fibres comports itself as in the Horse, ami -rues to join the alveolabialis; another 



is intercrossed in the maxillary space by the analogous fasciculus of the opposite 



The riTf!'-iil rntii'ularit musclo of the Ox is also distinguished by an extremely 

 remarkable peculiarity which'.it is necessary to allude to here : The fleshy cervieal hand, 

 i in the Sluej). is not so in tlie Ox; we have found it formim:. liriieath 

 tin- alMive-m.-iitioiied a|>oiicumtic fascin, the Ion-.', thiek .-trip which has be. n di-x-riUil 

 rin try un:itoniit- MS the analogue of the st.Tiio-iiia\illaris in til-- !l"r>.'. '1 his 

 is attached, like the mu-etilar hand whii-h repre-fiits it in S..li|>ed!', to the nnt.-rio r 

 jMiiut of the hteniinn. I'.nt its lilires, instead of being spread outwards over tlicinat<>i<l<>- 

 liuiin -rails, ascend, perfectly isolatetl from that nni-el-. to the posterior Inirdi-r 

 niaxillari.-. Then- it t- -rminutea (Fig. ll'2. IS l'_v a llattened ti-mlon which, after niichini; 

 tin- ant>-rir Imrdi-r of tm- nmsseter, is confounded with the aponeurosis of that n 

 and win!.-* .-onie tilirons liatids over the uiiinHes of the face. 



Tli. two jiortions of the nuiflniilo-liiimenilii of Itnniinant.sare | M -tt< r detin. d. and inon- 

 liiii. mother, than in the Homo. The i<jx>rftVi<i/ )iortin n-ceives on iU inn- r 



