////. MI KB 



face a small, bright-red, funicular fasciculus, which proceeds from the cartilage of the 

 tir-t rib, and which Meokel is inclined to consider a* tin- vestige of the subelavius. It 

 is divided, superiorly, into two branch<->: one, tin- <7.mV//ir fmrlinn i>f I In- tm/ 



Yi-r\ NN ide. passes to the mastoid process, the curved line of tin- oe.-ipital IK.IIC. ami t" th>- 

 cervical ligament, in becoming confounde I with tin- tr.ip. /iiiin (I-'iir. 11'-', '2'2); the other, 

 the cleido-mastoideus, terminal! s in a tendon that join* the .-t.Tin.--ul.. ..... ij.itali>. and is 



inserted into the l>:i-ilar process, after receiving the film > of the long flexor of the head 

 (Fig. 112,21). The upi>cr extremity of the ,!:,/, /,,//,,;, of th<- ina-toido-huinerali- i- 

 inserted into the atlas by a flattened tendon alone. \\ hich is quite di-iin.-t from the- atloid 

 insertions of the splenius and the small coniplcxus. 



In the Sheep and Goat, the costal band that joins the superficial portion is absent. 

 The latter is divided at its inferior extremity into two branches, between which pass the 

 biceps. The upper branch passes to the epitrochlea. 



The sterno-maxillary muscle, instead of being inserted into the inferior maxilla, ia 

 united to the suboccipital branch of the mastoido-humeralis, to be attached to the basilar 

 process. At another time we will discuss the determination of this muscle, and that of 

 the fleshy band here considered as belonging to the first (see Spinal Nerve). 



The sterno-hyoid and sterno-thymid muscles are thicker than in the Horse, and not 

 digastric. 



The subscapulo-hyoideus of Ruminants is but slightly developed, and might be termed 

 the trachelo-hyoideus ; as it proceeds to the transverse process of the third or fourth 

 cervical vertebra. In its passage beneath the basilar branch of the mastoido-humeralis 

 and sterno-suboccipitalis (sterno-maxillaris), it contracts adhesions with the fibres of these 

 two muscles. 



The great anterior straight muscle of the head descends to the sixth cervical vertebra. 

 Its cervical insertions are covered by a very strong muscular fasciculus, which is annexed 

 to it. Like it, this fasciculus leaves the sixth cervical vertebra, and is attached to the 

 tiansverse processes of the four vertebrae preceding the last, by becoming confounded 

 with the intertran.svi r.-ales, and finally terminating at thetracheal process of the atlas by 

 fleshy and aponeurotic fibres. This muscular fasciculus singularly strengthens the neefc 

 when it is inclined to one side. In consequence of its attachments, it might be named tin 

 trachclo-atloideus (Fig. 112. 24). 



Lastly, iu Kuminants the superior scalenus is very developed, being a flattened band 

 which, gradually expanding, is prolonged to the surface of the serratus mngnus. 



2. PIG. In this animal, the cuti'-ularis colli is in two portions: an inferior, which 

 comes from the point of the sternum ; and a superior, from the external scapular region. 

 They unite in front, and are prolonged in common on the muscles of the face, con- 

 tracting adhesions with the external aspect of the body and the branches of the maxillary 

 bone. 



The other muscles of the inferior cervical region are not unlike those of Ruminants. 



Of the two portions of the mastoido-humeralis, the superficial is bifid at its superior 

 extremity. The posterior branch, the clavicular portion of the trapezius, is attached to 

 the side of the occipital protuberance ; the anterior Branch, the cleido-mastoideit*. 

 beneath the external auditory hiatus, to the crest that replar-es the mastoid process ; the 

 deep portion is attached above to tlie atlas only. 



In the Pig, the tterno-maxillaris exactly represents the sterno-mastoideus, as its 

 tendon passes directly to the mastoid process. 



The sterno-thyroideus is double ; the supplementary branch going to the inferior face 

 of the thyroideus. 



The subscapnlo-hyoideus and great anterior straight muscle of the head, resemble those 

 of the Ox. The small straight lateral muscle is scarcely distinct from the small obli.|'ie. 

 The superior scalenus extends to the third rib. The two lateral portions of the lam/ 

 muscle of the neck are separate, and form two distinct muscles. 



'A. CARMVOKA. In the Jtog, each cuticidnris is doubled into two portions, as in the 

 Pig. The fibres from the brea>t are directed in a diverging manner over the face, the .-ul>- 

 maxillary space, and the parotid gland, where they form the parotido-auricularis mn.-.-le. 

 The portion coming from the external .-capular region is thicker and wider; it . 

 the lateral parts of the neck, the parotid gland, the parotido-auriculari.-. pus-es al.ove the 

 preceding, and terminates on the face and in the Bubraaxillary space, when- it- til.n-s 

 join those of the opposite side. 



The mastoido-humerali* comports itself somewhat as in Ruminants and the Pig. The 

 superficial portion isbin'd-Mip. -riorly ; one of its branches is fixed Into the mastoid pi" 

 the cleido-maftoideus ; the other into the ma-t .id crest and cervical ligament, in uniting 

 by aponeuroeia with the trapezius the clavicular portion of the truppziu*. The deep 

 portion passes from the atlas to the scapular spine. 



