Titr.\i<. -j 



Tin- tendon of tli.- x/ ruii-niiuilliirit goes to the mastoid process. The glerno-lii/"i<l> n* 

 iiiid thyniiilrii* arc thick and not digastric, and commence 1'nnn tin- curtilage of the first 

 ril.. 



Tin- Carnivoru h:i\.- n. M&CMjmlo-lffn&tal*; but they possess very long scalenu*, 

 whirl tht- eighth ril>. and a tony mtucle of the neck, which tends to become 



divul.-d int'i two lateral ]>ortiiis. 



SPINAL REGION OF THE BACK AND LOINS. 



This offers for study eight pairs of muscles, nearly all of which have 

 their insertions extended over the dorso-lumbar spine, and are disposed in 

 several layers on each side of this long multifidious crest. These muscles 

 are, enumerating them according to their order of superposition : 1, The 

 trapezius ; 2, Great dorsal ; 3, Small anterior respiratory serratus ; 4, Small 

 posterior serratug ; 5. Hio-spinalis (longissimus dorsi) ; 6, Common intercostal ; 

 7, Transversales of the back and loins (semispinalis dorsi and lumborum), 



,>'ir<ition. 1. Place the animal in the second position. 2. Remove the skin 

 with tin- pann culu* nnd the mass of olecranian muscles, to show, in a first operation, the 

 trapezius and gn-at dorsal muscles (Fig. 102). 3. In a second operation, remove the 

 t-ntirr fon--linit>, with tin- great dorsal muscle, whose mode of termination may then be 

 studied ; tin n prepare tin- two small serrated muscles. 4. Remove these two muscles, as 

 well as tin- annulari* of the s-apula and the splenius, to expose the common intercostal 

 and ill ;-spinalis < Fig. 1 06). The superior branch of the latter remaining covered by the 

 great rw, -< this muscle, leaving only its insertions into the transverse 



processes of the dorsal vertebrae, to show how they are fixed between the two branches 

 of the ilio-spinnlis (longissimus dorsi). 5. Dissect the transversales (semispinalis) by 



::_r the ilio-hialis and the internal angle of the ilium. 



1. Trapezius. (Fig. 102, 1, 3.) 

 Synonym. Dorso- and cervico-acromialis Girard. 



Situation Form Structure. This is a superficial membranous muscle, 

 situated on the sides of the neck and withers. ,Its shape is that of a triangle 

 whose base is upwards. It is aponeurotic atf its upper border and in its 

 centre, which allows it to be distinguished, especially in emaciated subjects, 

 into a cervical and a dorsal portion. The fleshy fibres of the first are 

 dir.rt <l downwards and backwards; those of the second are oblique 

 forwards. 



AttiH-liment* By its superior aponcurosis, it is fixed to the cervical cord 

 ami to the summits of the transverse processes of the first dorsal vcrtebne, 

 where it adheres to the external face of the great dorsal muscle. By 

 it- .-Mitral aponeurosis and that of its summit, it is attached to the tuberosity 

 of the oK cnuiiun spine and the external scapular aponeurbsis. 



Relations. This muscle is covered by two aponeurotic planes, whose 

 liln-rs cross its own at a right angle. Inwardly, it responds to the rhmn- 

 1 :'! -us, splenius. angularis, steruo-prescapularis, the supra- and infra- 

 spinattis, and the great dorsal. 



Action. It raises the shoulder, and carries it forward or backward, 

 according as one or other of its muscular portions contract. 



2. Great Dorsal (Fig. 102, 2.) 

 tfynonynw Dor e o humeralis Giranl. (Latiuimiu dor$i Percirall. 



I' nn S/'fimtion Structure Attachments. A very broad triangular 

 muscle, extended over the loins, back, and side of the thorax, and formed of 

 an aponeurotic and a muscular portion. 



The aponeurosis is attached, by its superior border, to the summits 



