OF mi-: Tiii'\K. w 



superposed layers. Reckoning them from without inwards, these are 



lated tlif ;/'''"/, or ''.'' -I'linl "lilii/ilf. tin- x//(f//, or intirnnl i>l,li,/in^ the 

 tjri'iit fti-iiiifht, a-id tin- //M //.-/ w 1 muscle. Covered outwardly by an expan- 

 sion of yellow fibrous tissue, the funi<;i n1i'l<>iii!ii<ilia, and separated from 

 those of the opposite side by tin; irfilti- li/n- i lin-n n/lm i, a medium niph- 

 t --lid ing from tin- sternum to tin- pubis, these niusd.-s support the intestinal 

 mass, and l>y their relaxation or contraction adapt themselves to the varia- 

 tions in volume these viscera may experience. 



I'r, /Kinilion. After placing the animal in the first position, a wide opening is to be 

 made in tin- ]>"-t'>n\I cavity by tin- ablution of 11 certain number of ribs, which should In- 

 divided inferiorly, above tin- costal attaehni":its of the -.Treat oblique muscle. The ln-ari 

 and luiiirs are removed; tlu-n an incision is male iu the diapiirxgm, to allow the 

 < oniaiiied in ilic abdominal cavity to ! taken away. It is not abso- 

 lu'ely in-.- ssary, howev.-r. to >-.".] ty that cavity, and it its contents he allowed to remain, 

 I puncture^ >hoiild IK- made in the large intest IK- to prevent the a -cumulation of 

 gas, an I ti. distention ot the abdominal pari> 



Thi-s*- i>H-l:iuiwiry precautions having bjen adopted, then proceed in the following 

 tier: 



1. Keiii..vc the -kiu from this reirioii. and with it the panniculns carnosus, in order to 

 st'i-ly the external surface of the abdominal tunic. "2. The dissection of the great 

 ol>li<|ii' inn- :ii]ili.-hed l>y reniiivinu' tiie yellow fibrous envelope from the fle-hy 



portion ot the n :!ier -.\ith the steni'i-trochineus. The inguinal ring should 



i>.-ed t,\ tin- ablation of the (lartus mux'le, the sheath and p;-ni.s. or the mamma). 

 :{. >u the op|Kit'' side, the small oblique is uncovered by excising the great oblique, 

 k-avinir. however, that portion of the apmieurosis which is mixed up with that of the first 

 muscle. I. Tin- lutter having been studied, disstct the great straight muscle of the 

 abdomen on the same side, in separating from the white line, by a longitudinal incision, 

 tlie a jxnieiirosis common to the two oblique muscles, divMnvj: this aponeurosis and the 

 fleshy | tuition of the internal oblique by another incision extending transversely from the 

 umbilieiH to the middle of the lumbar region, and laying back one of the musculo- 

 ns on the thi^h, the other on the ribs. 5. The transverse muscle is 

 i'-<l on the same side as the external oblique has been. To expose it, nothing more 

 ia necessary than to make two incisions similar to the foregoing, but including the two 

 "l>li<|iie and the straight miis"!e. throwing back the two portions as above. 6. Lastly, 

 open the entire abdominal cavity by cutting through the transverse muscle in the same 

 way; then study the mu.-ctilar dictations of that muwle. the internal orifice of the 

 inguinal canal, and the leaf reflected from the apomurosis of the gre.it oblique muscle. 



1. AMoininiil T'i 



The vast expansion of yellow elastic fibrous tissue spread over the two 



oblique muscles of the abdomen is so named. 



Very thick towards tin- prepuhic tendon of the abdominal muscles and 



in tin- vicinity of the lim a alba, this expansion gradually thins as it ap- 



ln - the st. mum, and disappears near the abdominal insertion of the 



liim us muscles. It also diminishes in thickness as it extends 



IV. .m tin- linea alba; and when it reaches the fleshy portion of the great 



oblique muscle it becomes n-duced to an extremely thin leaf, .whose fasciculi 



tt< more and more from one another, until they completely disappear. 



riorly, however, it is seen to bo prolonged on each side to the posterior 



ttions of the serratns maxims. Posteriorly, it furnishes some bundles 



of fibres, which are detached from the surface of the common tendon, and 



i-ried between tin; thighs to bo lost on the internal crural muscles. 



abdominal tunic is covered by the skin and the panuiculus 



su.s, from which it is serrated by an abir. .-elltilar tissue. In 



-ile, its external surface gives att iclnnent to the suspensory ligaments 



of the sheatli, and to the darto.s ; and iu the female, to the < la-tie capsule 



which envelops ea-h mammary gland. By its internal face, it closely 



adheres to the aponeurosis of the great oblique muscle; though it is easily 



