i'7-j V7//: .!//>< /,/vX 



flexor'}* coven .1 l>\ tin )-i I'matus an.l its olceraniaii |>ortion, thicker th:iii in the other 

 animals, is only united to the piincipal llr.-hy IMH!V altogether iiift-rimly. Tin- inh rnul 

 flexitr is feeble and conoid; its tendon, thin and Bng, r> allies tin- meta<-arpns of the 

 ind> \. 



The perforatus of the Dog and Cat offers a long, wide, and superficial Unly, 

 separated from the perforans by the oblique flexor of the metacarpus. It- t< u>l<>n 

 passes outside the carpal sheath, and is divided into four branches, attached by their 

 inferior extremity to the second phulnux of the- four principal digits. 



For the jierforans, it is noted : 



1. That the radial (Million of the muscle (the- long flexor of the thumb in Man) com- 

 mences towards the snpei ior extremity of the radius (fig. 125, c, 4). 



2. That the ulnar di\ision is a seini-pcnniforin muscle, attnclied liy tin' -uperinr 

 extremities of its fibres to nearly the whole extent of tint posterior face of the ulnar (fig. 

 125,0,8). 



3. That the epitrochlean portion sends off, above the knee, a small particular 

 fasciculus terminating in a very thin tendon, which becomes lost in the fibrous arch of 

 the carpal sheath (fig. 125, c, G). This small muscle represents the palmaris brovis of 

 .Man. 



The terminal tendon divides into five branches, one for each digit (fig. 125, i>, 4, &c.). 

 There have been already described in these animals : 



1. Two external radial muscles, only distinct at their terminal extremity, and con- 

 founded for the remainder of their extent. This is the anterior extensor of the meta- 

 carpus in Solipeds (fig. 125, A, 5, 6, 7). 



2. A long abductor of the thumb, which appears to be the representative of the 

 analogous miucle, and the short extensor of the same digit in Man. It is the oblique 

 extensor of the metacarpus in the Horse (fig. 125, A, 8). 



3. A. common extensor of the digits; the anterior extensor of the phalanges in the 

 Horse (fig. 125, A, 10). 



4. A proper extensor of the three external digit*, the proper extensor of the little 

 finger in Man, or lateral extensor of the phalanges in the Horse (fig. 125, A, 10). 



5. A posterior ulnar, or external flexor of the metacarpus in the Horse (fig. 125, 

 A, 14). 



6. An anterior ulnar, or oblique flexor of the metacarpus in the Horse (fig. 125, 

 D. 6). 



7. A great palmar, corresponding to the internal flexor of the metacarpus in the 

 Horse (fig. 125, B, 8). 



8. A small palmar, a dependency of the deep flexor of the phalanges (fig. 125, c, 6). 



9. A flexor sublimis of the phalanges (fig. 125, D, 1). 



10. A deep flexor of the phalanges (fig. 125, c, 5, D, 3). 



11. A long flexor of tJte thumb, united to the preceding muscle, the radial portion of 

 the perforans (fig. 125, c, 4). 



But in Carnivora there are five additional muscle*, which are not generally found in 

 the other animals. These ore : the proper extensor of the thumb and index, /</;/ 

 nupinator, sJiort supinator, round promitor, and the square jmmator. A special descrip- 

 tion will l>e given of these. 



MUSCLES PROPER TO THE FORE-ARM OF CARNITO3A. 



1. Proper Extensor of the Thumb arid Index. (Fig. 125, A, 11 ; B, 3.) 



Synonyms. The extensor secundi inter nodii pollicis and extensor indicts of Man. 



This is a very small muscle, composed of a fleshy body and a tendon. The first is 

 thin and fusiform, and is .situated under the lateral extensor; it has its origin \\itli the 

 oblique extensor of the metacarpus at the external side of tic radius. The tendon 

 crosses the anterior aspect of the knee, enveloped by the synovial sheath of tin- common 

 extensor of the digits, under which it passes. It divides into two branches, OTIC of 

 which goes to the thumb, the other to the index. 1 



2. Long Supinator. (Fig. 125, A, 12; c, 8.) 



This muscle only exi.-tn in the rudimentary state in Carnivora. Its existence in the 

 Dog has even been denied, but this is an error; our researches have demonstrated that 

 it is present, in a more or less evident manner, in all breeds. 





1 In very |>owerful Horses, and more frequently in the Ox, wo have met with traces 

 of this muscle in the form of a deep fasciculus Mtuated in front of the lateral extensor. 



