Mi:'i.i:s or Tin: A\ri:i;i<>i; 



279 



1>. Muscles of the Anterior Foot in Ruminants. 



Those animals have no muscles, properly speaking, in tin- region of the foot; in fact, 

 \vi- i.nly find in them the siijM'iisory ligament of tin- fetlock, which is the mtcrosseoiis of 

 the t\\o complete digits. 



COMPARISON OF THE HAND OF MAN WITH THAT OF ANIMALS. 



The muscles of Man's hand are numerous and well-developed, in consequence of the 



find variety of the movements of its various parts. They are divided into three 



L'Mnps: tli. t xternal, or group of tho thenar eminence, induce the movements of tho 



tliuiuti ; the internal, or group of the hypothenar eminence, thosu of the little finger; and 



tin.- middle group, occupying the inetacarpal spaces, comprising the interosseous muscles. 



In addition, there, is found in the hand a cuticularis muscle, the cutaneous palmaris 



'fit brevig). 



The cutaneous palmaris occupies two-thirds of the hypothenar eminence; its fibres 

 :m- directed downwards and inwards. It corrugates the skin on the ulnar border of the 

 hand. 



A. Muscles of the Theitar Eminence. 



These muscles, nearly all present in the Dog, 

 are : 



1. The short adductor of the thumb, whose 

 films, leaving the lower portion of the anti- 

 hraclfal |>oncuro8is, the process of the trape- 

 xius iiml tlie scaphoides, are succeeded by a ten- 

 don which is inserted into the upper extremity 

 of the first phalanx of the thumb. 



1. The opponent (opponensj of the thumb, 

 which passes from the anterior part of the tru- 

 pe/.iuru to the external border, and near the, 

 anterior face of the first metacarpal. 



;;. The fhurt flexor of the thumb, a muscle 

 adjoining the preceding, and which is resolved 

 into two series of fibres a deep and a super- 

 ficial. 



4. The short adductor of the thumb, a trian- 

 gular muscle, occupying the outer half of the 

 A f the palm. It is attached to the os 

 iiini, along the entire length of the third 

 metncarpal l>oiieand, by a tendon, to the sesa- 

 moid and sii|>. ro-internal tuberosity of the first 

 phalanx of the thumb. 



B. Muscles of tite Hypothenar Eminence. 



muscles are: 1. The <il><ln<-lr of the 



littl- jiinjf.r, a small fusiform muscular body, 



which is atta-hed. aU>ve, to the pisiform bone, 



in-low to the supero-internal part of the 



tir.-t phalanx. 



:>e short flexor of the little finger, situ- 

 ated without the preceding, fixed in one part 

 to the process of the unciform IMHIC. and in the 

 other to the inner part of the first phalanx. 



M <>i>i>n< nt (>, i , /.(menu') of the little finger, 



a triangular miivle, .-ituated below the pr> - 



_.-. It i- in.-, it. -d into the process of the 



iiiieifonn l.one, then into the inner Imrder of 



Fig. 128. 



MUSCLES OF IH'MAX HAM-. 



1, Annular ligament ; 2, 2, Origin and in- 

 sertion of the abductor pollirl- mu-.-Ii- ; 

 ::, Flexor ossis metacarpi, or opponeus 

 pollicis ; 5, Deep portion of flexor l>r.-\ is 

 pollicis; f>, Adductor pollicis; 7, 7, 1.um- 

 bricales muscles arising from the deep 

 flexor tendons, upon which the figures 

 are placed; 8, A tenilmi "f "li-cp flexor; 

 9, Tendon of flexor longus pollicis ; 10, 

 Abductor minimi digitii; 11, Flexor 

 brevis minimi .lijitii; 1'J, 1'isiforni 

 bone; 13, First dorsal interossooua 

 muscle, the aMm-tnr in.liri-. 



the lifth IIH tuc;iipul and the adjacent jiortion of its anterior face. 



C. Interosseous Muscles. 



Mt-rBacou8 muscles arc situate.) in each interoBseous space, two for each space, 

 n 'livid. d into dorsal ni\<l iilii<'ir. As there are four intero>.s,-oiis i-piu-t-s, there ought 

 eight muscles ; but it is usual to exclude the short adductor of the thumb, became 



