MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR LIMBS. 283 



tendinous fasciculi, which arise from the neck of the ilium and the supra- 

 e. ityloid ridge, to be directed outwards and backwards, and terminate within 

 the convexity of the trochanter. 



li> Ititiona. Its upper face responds to the middle gluteus ; the inferior 

 cuvi-rs the coxo-femoral articulation, and strongly adheres to the fibrous 

 capsule of that joint; this face is also separated from the anterior gracilis 

 (iliu-t'i -morulis) of the thigh and the origin of the anterior rectus (rectus 

 tVmoris), by a very strong fibrous layer, which extends from the external 

 border of the ilium to the base of the trochanter. Its posterior border is in 

 relation with the anterior gemellus of the pelvis. 



Ai-titm. It is the special abductor of the thigh, and is also an 

 accessory rotator of the femur inwards. (Leyh says it is a congener of the 

 j/r. -i-< iliii-jj muscle, and therefore an extensor of the thigh. It may also 

 maintain the capsular ligament tense.) 



DIFFERENTIAL CHARACTERS OF THE MTSCLES OF THE GLUTEAL REGION IN OTHER THAN 



SOLIPED ANIMALS. 



In Ruminant* and the Pig, the gluteal muscles much resemble, though they sensibly 

 ilitft r from, those of Solipeds. In fact, the superficial gluteus and the long vastus form 

 but one and the same muscle ; the middle gliiteus, thinner than in the Horse, is not so 

 niii.-li prolonged in front on the ilio-spinalis ; and, on the contrary, the deep gluteus, 

 inon- .1. vi-loped than in the Horse, is easily divided into two portions, which Rigot has 



.mated as two distinct gluteals. 



In Carnitora, the suj)erficial gluteus is voluminous ; it proceeds from the sacrum, 

 and terminates by an aponeurosis below and behind the trochanter. This aponeurosis 

 .3, in front, a small muscular band which arises by tendinous fibres from the 

 surface of the middle gluteus, near the external angle of the ilium, and which resembles 

 tin i xternal branch of the superficial gluteus of the Horse. In these animals, also, the 

 luiililli tjhdeus does not extend beyond the lumbar border of the ilium in front, and 

 terminates In-hind by a single branch. 



COMPARISON OF THE GLUTEAL MUSCLES OF MAN WITH THOSE OF ANIMALS. 



The gluteal muscles are distinguished, in regard to their volume, into great, medium, 

 and small {see note, p. 177). 



Tin ,/reat glutews (gluten* maximus) corresponds to the superficial gluteal of animals. 



The medium gluteus (gluteus medius) to the middle gluteus of Solipeds. 



The twnll gluteus (gluteus minimus) to the deep gluteus. 



Tin- mxln'un gkhut does not extend beyond the crest of the ilium in front (tee 

 Figs i 



\\ ili r. u';tr<l to th<- limit -/M.'Mx, it is inserted inwardly into the sacrum and the 

 :.iw. into tin- external bifurcation of the linea aspera, from the trochanter to 

 tin middle third of the femur. 



MD8CLE8 OF THE THIGH. 



These have been divided into three secondary regions, which are : the 

 niit'-rior crural (or femoral) orpatellar, the posterior crural (or femoral), and the 

 I nt i rnal crural (or femoral) region. 



A. Anterior Crural or Femoral Region. 



This region comprises three muscles situated in front of the femur : the 

 /: of the fascia lata, the crural triceps, and the anterior gracilis of the 



Preparation \. Place the subject in the first position. 2. Study the fascia l:>u 

 muscle immediately aft.-r removing tho nkin from thi> r.-i..n. ".. Take awa\ 

 IIMI.--II- ami th. -nf.. rticial gluteus, the long vastus, the semi tend inosis and Bernini, m- 

 two a .[.in, -t. .r.- .if th. I.--, the pectineus, and the two adductors of the tlii-li. 



;li..n* of the trieeps. Separate tlle.-r thr, < liillr-enlar ilivi.-i..n.s from 



one a; in in in- al-i\r win n tin y lire scarcely adherent. Diasect tho anterior 



M at tho sain- tun. . 



