MirSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR LIMBS. :>:.-, 



The gcmitaulinowt has no sacral prolongation ; it arises only from the iarhium. 

 The semimembranoti'is is divided, interiorly, into two branches : one, very tliick, 

 ea to the femur; the other, much smaller, terminates by a tendon which is in- 

 ted bem ath the internal lateral ligament of the feiuoro-tibial articulation, to gain 

 tin- sup. rior extremity of the tibia. 



( AiiMvouA. Iii these animals it is somewhat difficult to isolate the two portions of 

 the /<*//;/ pcuftu from each other. The anterior only proceeds from the is'-hiuin. Infe- 

 riorly, they terminate in common by an aponeurosis which {Kisses <o the tibial crest and 



\teniiil patellar ligiiment. 



The K, niitendin<>tru# and gemimembranosus comport themselves as in the smaller 

 IJuminants. 



C. Internal Crural Region. 



RUMINANTS. The //<</ adductor of the ley in the Ox and Sheep is traversed, near its 

 origin, by the femoral artery. The pectimux of the Ox, single at its upper extremity, is 

 divided into two branches at its inferior extremity. One of these branches, thin and 

 pale, is prolonged to near the internal condyle of the femur, while the principal stops, as 

 in the Horse, on the posterior face of the bone. 



The niiiull mlthii-ini- of the thigh is scarcely distinct fiom the great adductor. The 

 latter is undivided at its inferior extremity, which stops at the posterior face of the 

 femur without going to tin- inner condyle of that bone. 



The iiiti nuil iJitm-'iliir has no upper portion ; it is united lo the external obturator in 

 passing through tin- "val foiamen. 



I'll.. -In tiii* animal, the internal crural muscles offer somewhat the same disposition 

 as in the < IN. 



CAKMVOUA. In the Dog and Cat, the long adductor of the leg arises from the 



d an-le ..f the ilium, and by its muscular portion is prolonged to the inner face of 



;i. 'II'. *hort adductor is much thinner and narrower than in the other animals. 



'ill (iililn'-tor of the thigh isa little, distinctly-isolated, muscle, which begins on the 



inferior face of the puhis, and terminates at the posterior face of the femur, below the 



.-ijnare crural. The great adductor is, on the contrary, a wide, thick, undivided muscle, 



attarhed to nearly the whole extent of the liuea aspera of the femur. 



There is nothing particular to note with regard to the sifuare crural and the 

 <Jitunitors ; the gemtlli of the pelvis are always composed of two small, distinctly-isolated, 

 fasciculi, which comport themselves as in Man. 



COMPARISON OF TH Ml'SCLES OF MAN'S THIGH WITH THOSE OP THE THIGH OF ANIMALS. 



A. Anterior Muscles. 



The (interior gran'lis is not found in Man; nevertheless, there nre reckoned three 

 .'f the thigh, as tin- nartm hit, which corresponds to the long adductor 

 of the I, g lit' animals, is im-lnded in this region. 



//MX is it very IOT.-L' muscle, whose width at most is about two fingers' breadth. 



ve, not to the Inmlio-iliae a|>< >neiii. .sis, but to the (interior and >ii|M-rior 



jinn- : it i.- afit r\\anl- dinried downwards and inwards, to pa-s round the internal 



the lemur, and terminate by an expanding tendon at the crest of the tibia. 

 The t>i,*<>r of the fa*-i<i lnt,i (/< n*r ni-////.-/ /Vmorta) shows the same general dis- 

 in animals. It is the same with the femoral ///>. /...-. The mil> //.-; 

 arises by tw< i tendinous branches : one Is detached firm the ant.rior and inferior 

 ; the other from the brim of the eotyloid cavity. 



B. Muscles of the Posterior Region. 



Those are three in number: the femoral or crural biceps, semitendinoHUH, nnd 

 HeiniiiM inl>r . 



The f, moral biceps is represented in Solipeds by the posterior |H>rtion of the l,.iig 



it is an elongated mu-dt; arising by two heads: tin- IMII^' hi ad coin. H fn.rn tlie 



i.-'hintic tnbero>ity : the >li.,rt' st from the middle ,,f the liiu-n aspera. After th.-ir 



union, th. .-( t\\o lie;..d- jiv, ri- t<> a tendon which is fixed into the bond <-f the tii.nla, 



and - nds an i-xpan-ioii o\cr the tibi:d a[ oneiirOBis. 



The ., IH//I n'l!iifif ai i -. -. in c.,m n with the long head of the biceps; it-* inferior 



is reflected beneath the internal tnl-ro>it\ of the tibia. (.. I* ti.vd int> tin . 



