OF THE POSTERIOR LIMBS. 311 



It is an elongattxl jn niiit'onu muscle, fixed above to the oblique line mnl middle third of 

 tin- interior t'u 'V of the tibia. It* tendon is inlleet d ben* nth the external mulleolus, 

 pis*s in front below the astragalus. rec.-iv<s tlte accessory of the long flexor, and then 

 <li . ide> into four brunches for the four lesser toes. 



3. Tin- i>nst,ri<n- tiliiiil. represented by a jx>rtion of tho, perforans of animals; its 

 tendon i> retlet-ted 1,,-iuatli the internal nmlleolus of the tibia, and is attached to the 



SiMpllMJd process. 



4. The jirojx'r lung ilexorof the great toe, also represented by a portion of the performs. 

 This muscle is voluminous and priMnatic, and is attached aliove t<> the lower two-thirds 

 of the pu.~t. -rior face of the fibula. Its tendon is reflected inwards on the astragalus and 

 tlic groove in the os calcis, crosses the tendon of the common long flexor, and terminates 

 on tho posterior extremity of the third phalanx of the great toe. 



MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR FOOT. 



SOLIPEDS. Tn these animals are found : 1, Two himhrici and two 

 inti rosseous muscles, corresponding to those of the anterior limb ; 2, A pedal 

 muscle. 



Pedal muscle. The tarso-prepJialanrjeus of Girard. (The flexor meta- 

 tarsi pari-iis. Not mentioned by Percivall.) This is a small riband-shaped 

 fasciculus, situated in front of the principal metatarsal bone, beneath the 

 fxu-nsors of the phalanges. It is attached, by its inferior extremity, to 

 tin- internal surface of the tendon common to these two muscles, and by its 

 upper extremity to the lower end of the os calcis (and astragalus). It aids 

 in extending the digit (flexing the hock, and probably keeping the tendons 

 tense.) 



KrjiiXAXTS. The pedal is the only muscle in the region of the foot met with in 

 Itnminanta. It is attached, inferiority, to the tendon of the common extensor and that of 

 the proper extensor of the internal elicit. 



I'K;. This animal possesses : 1, A pedal muscle attached, below, to the two branches 

 of the common extensor of the large digits : 2, Four interosMous mettitareal musrles, which 

 do not appear to differ in their general arrangement from the inetacarpal iutt-rosseous 

 mute 



MVOUA. In the Dog and Cat there exist in the region of the posterior foot : 

 1. A pedal muscle, composed of three fasciculi which have their origin either from tho 

 inferior extremity of the os calcis, or from the tendinous sheaths in the bend of the hock ; 

 they terminate ( ,n the .second, third, and fourth digits by small tendons joined to the 

 branches of the common extensor. 



I'he muscular dictations annexed to the tendon of the peiforatus, traces of the 

 fleshy portion of the flexor brevis digitorum of Man. 



A fleror pedit accemoriut, or perforans, a small undeveloped muscle commencing 

 tarsus, and terminating by a very delicate aponeuroeis on the posterior faqpof 

 the ]K-rtorans tendon. 



1. Two or three pale and rudimentary bands, situated inside the tarsus and near the 

 internal digit. These are the ve.-tige* of the mturles }>roper t> the great to in Man. 



5. An (uliliirlor of tltelittle toe (abductor minimi digit) is a thin, elongated muscle, 

 eurri.d ol.liiinely from the posterior tarso-metatars.il ligament to the internal side of the 

 lii.-' phalanx of that digit 



G. Four interoueout metatarsal muscles, resembling the analogous muscles of tho 

 luctaearpal region. 



7. Lumbrici, similar to those of the anterior limb. 



\IU80X OF THE MVBCLE8 OP THE FOOT IN MAN WITH THOSE OF ANIMALS. 



In Mm. there are distinguiehed the muscles of the dorsal region, the plantar region, 

 and the interosseous muscles. 



A. Portal Region. 

 Tliis only contains one muscle, the pedid (ejcttn*<.r '/- r ; * di'ij.'iornw). It is attached , 



behind, to the ant. pi-exU-rnal part of the llp|>crfa<-e . t the o* eal. ih by M Veral II|NI neurotic 

 hunii, v tii.x-iciili. tour in number, are prolong d by as man\ t -ndon> .l.^m,,,! 



to the Iii>t four toVo: thiee of them pass along with th- 'he eommon cxteuaor. 



