////; MOUTH. 



333 



maxilla nlx>vi' the angle of the jaw, and from the crown of the lost molar tooth, so as to 

 t \\eeii tin- curtain of the soft palate; on the one part, and the l>iwe of the tongue on 



tin- other, leaving tho latter organ adherent to the lower jaw. This ^ist should bo 



remove I from the upper jaw by rutting through tho masscter and olrcolo-labial muscles, 



anil ><i c\]Hi>iim r the liard and soft palates in such 



u inunner as to render easy tho special disscctiona Fig. 148. 



in ees.sary fur their study. These dissections are 



limited to the removal of the mucous luyer 



e.i\ering the deep venous network, and to 



the partial excision of this, which allows tho 

 mi I palatine nerves to bo seen, (See 

 148.) 



The palate (hard palate), palatine arch, 

 or upper wall of the mouth, is circum- 

 scribed, in fruut aud on the sides, by the 

 superior dental arcade, aud limited, behind, 

 by tho anterior border of the soft palate. 

 It is a parabolic surface, exactly repre- 

 senting, in its configuration, tho bony 

 puluto (Fig. 21). 



On its face is remarked a median 

 groove, which partitions it into two equal 

 divisions, and which commences quite in 

 front, at the base of a small tqbercle. 

 Curved transverse furrows, twenty in 

 number (Leyh gives from sixteen to 

 eighteen), divide each of these halves 

 into an equal number of salient arches, 

 whose concavities are turned backwards, 

 and which become narrower and loss 

 marked as they are more posterior. 

 (These arches and furrows aid in retain- 

 ing tho aliment which the tongue carries 

 towards tho palate during deglutition). 



STHCCTUBE. Tho palatine lies on the 

 bony vault formed by tho palatine and 

 super-maxillary bones. It includes in its 

 structure: 



1. A fibrous membrane, applied to the 

 bone just mentioned, which sustains a re- 

 markably-developed venous network con- 

 st i luting a veritable erectile tissue, and 



- to tho palate a greater or less 



e of thickness, according to its state 

 of tnrgescence (Fig. 148, 1). 



-. A mucous layer, extremely adherent, 



by its (1, -ep face, to the preceding tissue, The muooUB lucinbriuie ~ ha8 " 

 and of a whitish aspect in tho horse. Tho t'p.m the ri-ht M.I.-, :.n,l, with the 

 f urtiied entirely of connective ulan.lular Liv.-r, t'r.'iu the soft palate. 



1, The ridges of the palatine inu. .-u-. 



membrane; 2, Venous network of the deep layer, whi.h is rut through at the 



external side to show the palatine artery, 3, accompanied by the iil.im.nt> ( th. 



palatine nerve ; 4, Cartilaginous digitation, over which passes ami is iuHectol tin- palatine 



.-irt.-ry; 5, Aponeurosis of the soft palate; "', Terminal cxtn-iiiitv >t' the tnnlou uf the 

 .il t.-a-or palati, f'onilin,' I'V its .-.\|i.ia-.i..ii tin- st;i|.lnliu apoucurosis ; 6, The 



[..ilat>.i-|ii. 7, Circumniutu pulati ; s, Staph\lin nerve*. 



TIM: 1IAKU AND 8OT I'ALATt. 



