TlIK SAL1\'AUY 



their moairiv development and red colour, which contrasts markedly with tin- pale yellow 

 liii-- of the muxillnry glands. In tin- Sl,,i /> and (tout, Sten-m's duct passes through tin: 



r muscle. (In the <>s. this gland offers, at the upper part of its anterior border, a 

 round lobe lung on the masseter. Stenon's dii'-t op n- into me mouth at the fifth molar. 

 It terminates in the >'// /> and Goat at the fourth molar) 



2. Mn.rlllnrij ijlnnd. In the Ox this gland is much thicker than in Soliped- 

 volume being in inverse relation to that of the parotid. In ils posterior moiety it 

 enlarge-, into an oval lobe which, below the larynx, lies against that of the opposite .-Me. 

 Wharion s duet follows the tame course as in the Horse; the papilla through which it 



is hard, re.-i.-ting, and notched, and is lodged in an elliptical fossette near the 

 inci.- 



3. fMingual gland. In the Ox, Sheep, and Gwit, this gland comprises two 

 as: a posterior, somewhat voluminous and tabulated, provided with a speeial 



ry duct which follows and opens near Whnrton's duct (ly the ductiu Barttm- 



iis) ; and an anterior, pouring out its secretion by many canal-, and representing 



aid proper. This arrangement allows the saliva to be collected separately from 

 1 mil. 



I. Molnr iiliuds. These are more developed in Ruminants than in Solipeds. The 

 upper one is enlarged at its posterior extremity. 



.The jxirot.d ijlnml of this animal i's little developed, as in Ruminants, and 

 Stenon's duct follows the posterior border of the lower jaw. (Leyh says that it is, pro- 

 jMirtionately. largely developed ; that its upper end does not reach the conch of the ear, 

 and that Stenon's <iu<-t opens at the sixth molar.) 



The gitltlinijwil ijlind is analogous in its disposition to that of the Ox. Cuvier, in his 

 ' Leeons d' Anatomic Comparee,' indicates this : " The Pig has two sublingual glands. 

 ( >n< . very long and narrow, accompanies, outwardly, the excretory canal of the sub- 

 maxillary gland, from the angle of the jaw to the secoad sublingual. It is composed of 

 Mirnll lolmles of a pale red colour. Its excretory duet nrises near the posterior third, and 

 passes along with, but to the outside of, the submaxillary duct. It terminates near the 

 oriiice of the latter by a .-mall opening ; its diameter is equally small. Tin- second sub- 

 lingunl gland is placed before the first: its form is square nnd flattened, and the lobes of 

 which it is composed are larger and redder. It has from eight to ten excretory ducts." (In 

 this animal the duct of Wharton does not open into the mouth by a papilla ; consequently 

 then- is iin Ixirb.) 



CAKMVOKA. The parotid of the Dog and Cat is small, and Stenon's duct always 

 passes through the masseter. (It opens at the fourth molar in the Dog, and the third in 

 111.- Cat. 



In the Dog the Kubmtixillary glands are larger than the parotids. " They even have 

 in front, along Wharton 's duct, a smull accessory gland, with a distinct excretory canal 

 ojK-ning into the s-inie papilla as Wharton's." (Leyh states thnt the submaxillary duct 



vt" the mouth). The supplementary gland is absent in the Ctit. 

 'liti'iiuil <//(/ is not present in the Dog; it is very small in the Cut, and 

 carried fmther Imck than in the other animals. (I-eyli describes a MiMingual gland as 

 it in the (Jarnivora, and which is divided into two portions, es in the l'ig : the 

 r being formed of d. t ><-hed lobules that open into the mouth 1 duels; 



and the posterior, larger above than h low, with two ducts, the smaller ojn niiig into 

 Wharton's duct, and the larger a lifh- in front of it.) 



The upper molar ijlnml of the l><*j, scare ly noticeable for the greater part of its 



:. forms jK>steriorly, under the /y^omatie arch, near the eye, an ind. -pendent MM-. 



r. uiarkable for its large size and its single exeieti-ry <lm-t. Dim inoy, who first 



, to name itthe tubzygomntic <jl mil. It is not pn'sent in the I'.il. 



i-t iloiibtl.-.ss the organ described by l.eyh a.s the orli/nl i/laud, which, he sa\.-. is 



only toiind in the Dog; the t-iqierior molar gland. t-> him, not exi-ting in that 



animal. This orbital gland in exiernal t ti.i '--ular mns'les, has three or four xi-n t.. t y 



canals (the <l,i<~tn .Yi7./<i/i/) whii-h converge into one duct that OJK-HS into the month 



the last molar.) 



The /,i/,/.//. litHjiiiil, and pulntiiii- ijlnndnl.T are mui h Ic-.- d. \.-l p> d in the ( 'arnivora 

 than the Herliivora. This preiloiu nance of the salivary system in the hilt- r is siitli- 

 cii-ntly ac.-ountnl f.r, when \\e e 'H.-ider the hard, tibion-, and coriaceous fmxl 



b live upon, and which nn: - -N-d m larir- .|uautii\. ' the small 



amount of nutrition it contains. For it.> n a>tication and deglutition a groat amount of 

 a is absolutely necejwnry. 



