nn: /'//.I/.T.Y.V. 



878 



openings of the nasal cavities ; 2, Behind, and directly opjMisito tho pre- 

 ceding, the two pharyngeal openings of tho Eustachian tubes, which are 

 rinsed by a cartilaginous kind of clap-valve. 1 



At tho inferior extremity of this axis is found : 1, In tho centre, a vast 

 gaping orifice- projecting into the anterior of tho pharyngeal cavity, like- a tap 

 into a cask : this is tin 1 fiifrttnce to tlte larynx, the salient portions of which 

 form, mi tin' walls of the pharynx, two hit-nil gutters limited Miperiorly by 

 the posterior pillars of the soft palate; 2, In front of, and beneath this, is 

 the intlitiiux of ike fauces; Behind and above, the cesopliarjeal opening at tho 

 1) .ttoni of an infundibulum, which may be considered as a special region of 

 the pharynx. 



These seven openings of the pharyngeal cavity give it the appearance of 

 a cross road, into which abut diiferent thoroughfares. It is necessary to 

 note that tho air and digestive passages intersect each other hero, and in 

 such a way that, during deglutition, tho bolus of food passes over the entrance 

 of the larynx to reach tho oasophageal opening. This peculiarity is easily 

 seen by referring to figure 175. 



Fig. 175. 



MKIMAN i.nMiin iiiNvi. IBCmOK "i ii' \" \M> ri'i'Ki: 



1, Upper lip: '-', Premaxilla ; :!, Hard palate; 4, Tun^'iit;; ', Septum HUM; ti. Na.*il 

 bone; 7, Palate bone; 8, Soft palate; 9, I'tury^uid bouo ; in, Kpii;luttis ; II, 

 Knt ranee to Kustachian tube; 12, Arytenoid cartilage; l:>, CriooM cartilage; 

 14, <Hso[ih:>^us; 15, Frontal bone and sinus; 16, Cerebrum; 17, Corpus cal- 

 losum ; 18, Cerebellum ; 19, Sphenoid bone; 20, Medulla oblongata ; 21, Cervi.-al 

 ligament ; 2'2, Spinal cord ; 23, Occipital bone ; 24, 24, Atlas ; 25, 25, Dentata ; 

 . Trachea. 



Ions. Viewed externally, for tho study of its connections, it will be 

 found that th<: pharynx responds, posteriorly, to the guttural pouches and 

 guttural lymphatics; laterally, to the large branch of the o; liyoiiles. the 



1 This region corresponds l<> (In- \><>-\< -ri-r narcs (nrrirre/nml) nf Man, n <liv< rtioiiliini 

 which cannot ! ili^tin^'iMird tVom tho pharynx in the dom sii'-atftl imiitiiil.s. I'li'li r 

 tin iii-.-i'."i;iti'iii .,f tliu posterior naret of the nasal fogsat, it will b undorsto -1 that \vr 

 mean the posterior extn-niii <nvitii's. 



(In til.- A'nuiJet de M&decine V'ti'riimirr.,' of Brussels, for 1871 (p -tl). M. I 

 li iryir_'. ul c:i!riini :i.-> xi.-tin^ in Snli|>ci|s. which he Btatca corruapoudu 

 ! |N.sttTior nun\-. of Man ) 



