////: s yov. ir//. 



exfoliated patch, s o;i the aiufaceof this layer. Thin ia a sufficient indication of the 

 of the secretion of tin- epithelium, and the rapidity of it.- renovation. 



Hi TK in M (HONEYCOMB) (Figs. 11)2, 193). Situation Form Itelaliont. Thi*, the 

 small, -.-t compartment, is elongated from one side to the other, slightly curved on itself, 

 and placed tian-versely between the j>osterior fact; of tin- diaphragm, in one direction, 

 and the anterior extremity of the left sac of the rumen in the other; the latter only 

 appearing, externally, to be u prolongation, or a diverticulum of the rumen. 



It has tir /<(-,., tint curvatures, and tiro extremities. The anterior face adheres to 

 the phrenic centre of the diaphragm by cellular tissue. The posterior face lies against 

 the anterior extremity of the lumen. The great inferior or convex curvature occupies 

 the suprastcrnal region. The lesser, superior, or concave curvature partly responds to 

 the lesser curvature of the omasum. The left extremity is only j-epaiat-d fim the rumen 

 by a fissure, which lodges the inferior artery of the reticulum. The right extremity forms 

 a globular i-nl-<{i -gtic, in relation with the base of the abomasum. 



Interior (Fig. 193). The internal surface of the reticulum is divided by ridges of 

 the mucous membrane into polyhedral cells, which, in their regular arrangement, look 

 like a honeycomb; tliey are widest and deepest in the cul-de-sac, and become gradually 

 smaller in approaching the superior curvature. The interior of these cells is divide I 

 into smaller spaces, included one within tlie other, by secondary and successively-decreas- 

 ing septa. Tlie principal s pta oiler <m their free border a series of conical prolonga- 

 with a mug. i h ml summit ; while their faces are studded with minute, blunt, or 

 pointed papillae. The secondary septa a'so show similar prolongations ; and those on 

 their free margin are even more devek>|>ed than on the chief septa. Lastly, from the 

 bottom of the cells spring up a crowd of long, conical, and very pointed papillae, resem- 

 bling stalagmites in their arrangement. 



It may be noted that the foreign bodies so frequently swallowed by Ruminants, are 

 usually liMliri-d in the reticulum; therefore it is that at the liottom of the cells are found 

 either small stones, and needles or pins, often fixed in the intermediate septa or nails, 

 scraps of iron, etc. The interior of the reticulum communicates with the left sac of the 

 rumen by the orifice already described, and with the omasum by a particular open- 

 ing, placed near the middle of the small curvature, though a little more to the right 

 thm the left. This opening, eight or ten times smaller than the preceding, is 

 connected with the infundibulum of the cardia by a remarkable groove (or channel), 

 the asophcujeal, which will be described separately, as it does not properly belong to the 

 reticulum. 



Structure. The terous membrane does not cover all the anterior surface of the organ, 

 as the latter adheres to the posterior faeu of the diaphragm. The muscular tunic is much 

 thinner than that of the paunch, and more fasciculated. The fibres pass in the same 

 direction. The corium of the mucim membrane sends a prolongation into each of the 

 I' the alveoli, and into each of the conical papillae on these septa, or to the bottom 

 of these alveoli. The stratified pavement epithelium is very tliick, and its horny layer 

 is very developed at the summit of the papillae. 



QkonuaBAt <;n>i\i (Fig. 193). This gutter is so named because it appears to 

 continue the o-nphagus to the interior of the stomach. It extends on the lesser 

 rurvatun- \' th>- rrtienlmn t'rom the cardia to the entrance of the omasum; commencing 

 in the rumen, it belongs to the r. ticnlnm t"'>r th" r. ma'nd.-r of its extent. Measuring 

 from six to . i-lit mrh> .s in length, this demi-canal is directed from above downwards, 

 and from left to right, between two movable lips, which are fixed by their adherent 

 borlt-r t" IK- superior wall of the retieulum. Tin s two lips are thickcni-d at their free 

 MS. wl,i"h look downwards and to the 1< ft At their origin at the oaeophageal 

 infundibulum, they are thin a id but slightly elevated ; but they become thick and 

 salient on arriving near the orifice of the omasum, which orifice they surround, though 

 r meet nor become confounded with each other. 



Tlie mucous membrane covering these two lips is mucli corrugated outwardly and 

 on the free border; but in the interior of the groove it possesses all the characters of the 

 OMOphageal mucous membrane in being smooth, white, a ,d ridged longitudinally ; near 

 tie orifice of the omasum it has some large conical papilto. 



If this membrane ! removed to study the siihj K-. -nt tissue, the following arrangement 

 U observed: At the bottom of the channel, and in the hpa-v comprised IH tw.en its two 

 lips, are tran-\.-rs.- muscular fibres, which belong to the mm -n or r. ticnlum. Tin- lipn 

 -Ives are entirely composed of longitudinal muscular fasciculi, particularly abun- 

 dant towards the free border; these fasciculi are confounded with tlie proper fibres of the 

 stomach towards the extremities of the canal, and are carried from one lip to the 

 in forming loops around the orifices which communicate by this canal. 



<M\-I v ( l'*.,lt. ri'iin. MANY-I-IIIS M \\v-i.EAVEg, or MANYI-ITS Fig. 192). I-i the 



