Till-: RESPIRATORY M'l'.ii; i / rs /v /;//;/. js| 



rjM .U. At "(her times it inclines backward-, and tin- ant' -:-ioi- rrs.-rvoir id larger; 

 this arrangement is peculiar to tin; (nillin -ic.-e. A ml, lastly, this partition divi.i 

 intercepted space between tin- diaphragms into two equal cavities; rapacious birds offer 

 numerous examples of this. 



llehind, these reser\oir> stand against the ab lominal sacs, frun which they are 

 separated hy th thoraoo-abdominal diaphragm; below, tli<-y r.-.-pond to the iemal ribs 

 anil th'- lateral |i;irts "f tin- M.rmm; ah >ve, to the pulmomry diaphragm ; inwards, 

 t > the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm ; outwards, to the vertebral rih.s and int< 

 nninles. 



"A parabolic opening, situated in the middle part of the external border of the lung, 

 or a little more behin 1, establishes their oummtmioatioa with tliat organ. This oriflce, 

 whieh is remarkable tor its tjre.it dimensions, occupies the extremity of a voluminous 

 hi il tube which follows th direction of the generating trunk, and insin-h a manner 

 that this trunk appears to paw directly towards the posterior diaphragmatic reservoir, 

 mid to open as a canal." 



.Y .I'l'loiui'mil re*?rv<>ir* (Fig. 246, 5). ' The two air-sacs situated in the abd um n 

 pres! -nt th'-m.x -Ives, when inflated, a.s two enormous bladders, the rapacity of each 

 differing but little from the volume of the trunk. S.tunted between tin- sup -rior 

 and lateral parictes of the abdomen on one side, and the abdominal viscera on the 

 other, they cannot be dilated without driving the intestinal mass downwards and 

 inwards. 



"Their anterior extremity, continuous with the lung, is somewhat inflected to pess 

 irider the fibrous arch extending from the spine to the pel \ is. 



u Their posterior extremity, dilated and voluminous, responds to the cloaca. Out- 

 wardly, they a Hi. -re by cellular tissue to the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm, the paricte* 

 of the abdomen, and t'ii >se of the pelvis. Inwardly, they are in contact with the inte.-- 

 tinal mass and the testicles or ovaries. Below and in front, they rest on a fibrous 

 septum, which in all birds divides the abdomin .1 cavity into two smaller cavities : one 

 anterior, which represents the abdomen and lodges the liver, the other poster! >r, which 

 represents the pel vis and contains the stomach and intestines. This fibrous septum : 

 In-mely remarkable in large birds, particularly the Ostrich, in which it has been described 

 by IVrrault ;;.- a traiuvTM- diaphragm ; it is inserted into the entire circumference of the 

 IM Uie don. s, and sustains the stomach as well as the intestinal tube. Below and 

 behind, the abdominal reservoirs lie on the int-stines. Above, these sacs cover the 

 inferior face of the kidneys, and there furnish three prolongations: 1, A suprarenal 

 prolongation; 2, Two femoral prolongations. 



"Til.- suprarenal prolongation leaves the principal reservoir at the postero-external 

 p. i rt of the kidneys; from thence it pa.-ses obliquely upwards and forwards, to spread 

 over thi- superior surface of th" kidney, which it depresses when the abdominal 

 inllat 1 at the internal iKird'er of the kidneys, these prolongations are intro- 

 duced iM-tweeii the traiisVcr.-e pi I thes.icral vertebra-, and as'-end frm behind 



forwards to the height of the two first dorsal vertebrae, forming two triangular canals 

 sitiMt'- 1 above the sacrum, in the sacral channels, and separated from one another b\ a 



ssos. The suprarenal prolongations an- not 



.t in all birds; they an- particularly ol..,,r\>d in the < iiillitiaco) and diurnal 

 rd.s. In some l'almi|H-ds, the Swan for example, they are equally d'-vi lop t -d : 

 in the <>-tricli. they an- replaced by the snpnispinal canals. 



I lie femoral prolongations are two in numhcr--aii ant.-vior small and a ].>terior 



they arise from the abdominal reservoir at the cotyloid cavities, and leave the 



ig the Imny ojH-ning through which the crurul vessels pass ; after clear- 



limits of tlies.- cavities, ib.-y -pi.ad arouinl the co\o femoral articulation, ami 



in a cocura in the majority of birds. In diurnnl birds nf pn-y, th'-y e .mmu- 



with the fi moral < .mal by an orifice situated at the anterior part of the great 



riter. Th . very d.-velope 1 in the ( ).-tri.-h, also uj),-!! in it j,.; 



1 cavity; it is not without surprJM- tha- nt. which is peculiar 



to birds rem irknble for their rapidity and power of flight. als.> pn-.-ent in those to \\hich 



a-rial locomotion has been entirely denied. Tlie abdominal reservoirs commnni.-ate \siih 



th.- lung by an orifice situated beneath the fibrous arch of the diaphragm, and di>j>o8ed 



i he rose of a watering-can.'' 



COMHI-NICATIOX OF THE KKSEKVOIRS WITH THE BONES. " The OODllnUl f the 



;t .IV apparatus with tip- - ; birds are extrem- ly nunnroiis. We \\ill 



: ne tlpi.-e 1. ' \oir. 



air from the thoraic n-^rvoir are : 1, The anterior elariole, 



' 1 at it- two .Mremities; '_', The posterior clavicles, which ar. 

 in ty 'A. The sternum whjch present 



2 i 



