y///: 



J .i>>at_ r <- 



bet \\ceii the corpora and convoluted tubes, the olher atl'i.rding a 

 to the afferent and efferent vessels of the glomerulo. 



:!. VESSELS AND NERVES. a. The kidney pos- 

 sesses a special nrtfrij and r< in, remarkable for 

 their enormous volume. 



The arte ry forms several branches which reach 

 the kidney by its inner border and inferior face, 

 and divide into a certain number of principal 

 v. m ' Is, which are disposed in a wavy manner on the 

 limits of the cortical and medullary substances. 

 From them are given off branches to each of 

 these substances, and among those distributed to 

 the cortieal are some regularly disposed, which 

 furnish, on each side, the glomerule ramifications ; 

 these are the afferent vessels or Matpigltia* </////- 

 rules (or tufts) ; the others form a polyhedral 

 plexus around the convoluted tubes and corpora 

 Malpighiana. The afferent vessels of the renal 

 glomerules enter this plexus. 



The arterial branches of the medullary sub- 

 stance descend parallel to the straight tubes, and 

 anastomose by transverse branches, so as to form 

 a network with elongated meshes. 



The vein issues from the kidney by the hilus, 

 and succeeds the arterial capillaries. In the me- 

 dullary substance, there are straight veins as there 

 arc straight arteries. On the surface of the organ, 

 beneath the fibrous envelope, are the stars of 

 Verheyen : the junction of five or six venules which converge towards a 

 central vein. The veiuletsof the . ,. , 



two substances collect into more 

 voluminous vessels, which form 

 complete arches at their limits ; 

 it is to the presence of these 

 vascular canals, that the dark 

 colour observed at this point of 

 the renal tissue must be attri- 

 bute. 1. 



6. The lymphatics are abund- 

 ant at the superficies and in the 

 mass of the organ, forming plex- 

 uses, whoso ultimate branches 

 pass to the sublumbar glands. 



c. The nerves emanate from 

 the solar plexus, and compose a 

 particular network around the 

 arteries, exhibiting, on their 

 course, some microscopic gan- 

 glia. It is not known how they 

 terminate. 



i.oi'MENT. The kidneys appear very early in the foetus, above and a 

 little behind the Wolflian hi.dies. They are then very distinctly lobulated, but 

 the lobes gradually bee. .me fuse. I, and have entirely disappeared at birth ; the 



, Branch of renal artery ; af, 

 Afferent vessel ; m, m, Mal- 

 pighian tufts ; ef, '/. Kt- 

 ferent vessels ; />, Vascular 

 plexus surrounding the 

 tubes ; st, Straight tube ; 

 ct, Convoluted tube. 



TRANSVERSE 8ECTi"\ (>l Till. Ki: 



I- 



Lnrilcr; '_', Cortical tissue; :i. S..ti..n ,.f 

 blood-vessels; 4, IVlvis; .">, Ureter ; t>, Sii|H-rii>r 

 border ; 7, Renal artery ; 8, Proper capsule. 



