IM 



v///: n:i\.iHY MT.II: .1 TI .> 



applied. HIH! on wliij-h tlii-y arc iiioiililnl. In many birds, m-veitheh ss. th>. 

 limn' "r li-> >. pa rated \<\ ti>-nns. ma\ !< rocogoitect Tin- ileu-liimbar p"itiun s ' 

 because of its constant position in this iv-i"ii) is the m.-t ,i>l\anee|; it i.- ..It.n the 



largest. The middle is the narrowest ; it is turned towards the ili->-.-:i-ral re^in. t ter 



the pelvis. The posterior is contained in tlmt cavity, an 1 in again larger. Tie 

 latter jiortions nrc dnfalMtd us the anterior or superior p< h !<. ami the inferior or deep 

 p< 1 vie portions. Their internal and superior border is often n<>t<-lied l>y a series of t 







KIHNKYS OF Till; (IX. 



Fig. 254. Right kidney, viewed on its upper and external fiice. Fig. 255. Lofl 

 kidney, from its internal aud inferior face; a, Pelvis; 6, 6, b, Branches of tin: 

 pelvis terminating in caliees; c, Ureter; d, Renal artery. Fii;. -.'<>>. The rah. 

 in the left kidney. The contents of the hilus, including the branches of ti;< 

 pelvis, have been removed to show the tubercles at the bottom of these callers. 

 Only seven are visible, the others being beneath the borders of the renal 



verse fissures produced by the protrusion of the transverse processes of the s cia! 

 bra), as the lungs are furrowed by the projection of the ril>s."' 



The excretory apparatus is incomplete, and is only formed by the ureters, which open 

 into the cloaca, where the urine is mixed with the ficces. Only one bird, the Ostrich, 

 possesses a bladder, which is disposed in a particular manner. 



COMPARISON OF THE UB1NAET APPARATUS OF BIAN WITH THAT OF AN1MAIS. 



1. Kidneys. The two kidneys of Sinn have, like those of the smaller d ....... stir i. I 



animals, the same shape that of p haricot bean. The average weight is ubont from tliu-e 

 to five ounces. Contrary to what is i.Wived in the Il,,r.se, the left kidney is more 

 voluminous than the right, and is higher. 



The kidneys are simple externally, though their tissue is disposed in distinct lobes, 

 which number from eight to lifteen, and are e.unposed of a Malpighiun pyramid and a 



,<pan r <;' '2nd edition. 1'ari.s. ls:!G-lG. 



