514 



////. flltfl I, I7V///V M'l'Ml 17/X 



ppendix. 



and the pericardium i* tixed to the sternum from tin- tliinl rib in the xiphoid appen 

 as well a> to tin- diaphragm. Tin- cartilage i- i.ot ...--itied until a lite period.) 

 In tin' l>i>ij and f'nt, tin- heart is oval or nearly globular. It is almo-t entirely r. 



on the upper face of tin- sternum ; its nntnior f: has become the interior, nn<l it- 



point, directed backwards, touches tin- anterior snrl'a. f the diaphragm. Th- pencanli 



is attached to the nponeurotic centre of the diaphragm 



COMPARISON OF THE HEART OP MAN WITH THAT OF ANIMAI.S. 





The human heart is ovoid, and similar to that of the Carnivora ; the ventricular mass is 



not ncute at its apex, as in 



1'i^. _'(;:,. Solijx'ds and Hnminants. Ita 



direction is modified in 

 th 





 antero-posteri .r 



iiui nee of 



flattening of the ehest. It is 

 situated across the median plane 

 of the thorax; its right face in 

 animals has become the anterior 

 face in Man, and is applied to the 

 stern u m ; the anterior border is 

 in liim the right border, and the 



po.^telior the left border. 



The organ is MI>|H -ndi-d ob- 

 liqnely downwards, torwanU, and 

 t the left; consequently, the right 

 auricle is to the right of the 

 sternum, between the third and 

 fourth rilis. and tin- point on a 

 level \\iih the sixth left inter- 

 costal space. The nurieiilar ap- 

 p ndages, |nu ticularly the right. 

 are more rounded and bulging 

 thnn in animnls. The pulmonary 

 veins, four in number, open <;n 

 the upper face of the left auricle. 



There nre no essential dilt'er- 



HI-MAH LUNGS AND HEART; FRONT VSK*. ( , l( .,. H ^ fo ,, oted j n i(s j llt , rnal 



1, Right ventricle ; 2, Left ventricle ; 3, Right auricle ; conformation. We mny indi^ad 



4, Left auricle ; 5, Pulmonary artery ; 6, Right the presence of a fold that passes 



pulmonary artery; 7, Left pulmonary artery; 8, f rom the ring of Vicussens t*> the 



Ligament of ductus artcriosus ; 9, Arch of aorta; opening of the inferior Venn 



10, Superior vena cava ; 11, Arteria innominata; 12, this is the E>istacJtian valve. We 



Right subclavian vein, with the artery behind it ; mav a i so mention the Thcbesian 



13, Right common carotid artery and vein ; 14, Left valve at the entrance of the coro- 



vena innominata ; 15, Left carotid artery and vein ; n(ir y vt in. 

 16, Left subclavian vein and artery; 17, Trachea; 

 18, Right bronchus; 19, Left bronchus; 20, 20, 



Pulmonary veins; 21, Superior lobe of right lung; Horse. 

 22, Middle lobe ; 23, Inferior lobe ; 24, Superior lobe 'j') 1( . prrirariHwn is a conical 



of left lung ; 25, Inferior lobe. sac; but instead of its base hi ing 



present^! upwards it iv.-ts ngainM 



the aponenrotic centre of the diaphragm ; its summit is lost among the large v< 



and it adheres to the posterior face of the sternum. 



The fibrous rings and muscular 

 fasciculi are disposed as in the 



