590 THE A Ml-: I;. 



Tho single trunk which results from their anastomoses is placed, im- 

 mediately after its exit from the incisive foramen, directly brm;ath thr 

 buccal mucous membrane, and at once divides into two principal brunches 

 a right and left; these are lodged in the tissue of the upper lip, and pass 

 back to meet the coronary arteries, with which they anastomose by inoscula- 

 tion, after throwing off on their track a great number of branches destined 

 to the muscles and integuments of the lip and nostrils. 



DIFFERENTIAL CHARACTERS IN THE CAROTID ARTERIES OF OTHER THAN SOLIl'ED ANIMALS. 



1. TJie Carotid Arteries in Camivora. 



In the Dog, the carotids arise singly from the brachio-cephalic trunk, and ascend 

 bcniath the transverse process of tlie atlas, along the trachea, following a IMU in- 

 exactly like that pursued by these vessels in the Horse. 



Among the collateral branches furnished by them, may be distinguish*- 1 tin tlnjro- 

 laryugeal artery, remarkable for its enormous calibre, its descending in front of the 

 'lateral lobe of the thyroid gland, and its termination in the median isthmus of that 

 gland. 



The terminal branches of the carotid are, as in Solipeda: 1, The occipital; 2, The 

 internal carotid ; 3, The external carotid, the continuation of the primitive vessel. 



OCCIPITAL AUTEKY. Inconsiderable in volume, this vessel arises in front of the 

 anterior border of the transverse process of the atlas, passes into the notch on its 

 border, and divides into two branches the occipito-muaculur and the cereb/ro-f^innl 

 arteries. 



In its course, it gives off branches analogous to those which emanate from the pre- 

 rertcbral artery of Ihe Horse. It also gives a mastnid artery, which only sends one very 

 small biauch into the parieto-temporal canal, and is destined almost exclusively to the 

 deep muscles of the neck. In addition, the occipital throws offa retrograde artery, which 

 din-ctly joins the vertebral. 



The arrangement of the occipital artery in Carnivora is, therefore, almost identical 

 with what has been described in Solipeds. 



INTERNAL CAKOTID ARTERY. This vessel reaches the posterior opening of the carotid 

 canal, along which it posses forward, then describes a very curious flexure whi<-h leaves 

 the cranium by the carotid foramen (see page 62), then re-enters that cavity after 

 r ceiving a particular branch from tho external carotid. It afterwards anast >moses on 

 the side of the pituitary fossa, with the divisions of the spheno-spinous artery and the 

 returning branches of the ophthalmic artery, forming a kind of plexus, which uppear.- (> 

 be a trace of the re'seau admirable of Euminants and Pachyderms, and from which 

 proceed the cerebral arteries. 



KXTEKNAL CAROTID ARTERY. This arterial branch terminates, as in Solipeds, by 

 the superficial temporal and the internal maxillary arteries. 



It gives off on its course: 1. An artery representing the meningeal branch of the 

 prevertebral of the Horse, and which ascends in a flexuous manner on the side of the 

 pharynx to join the carotid flexure. 



2. A laryngeal artery, entering the larynx with the superior nerve of that org:tn, 

 after giung ramuscules to the maxillary gland. 



3. The lingual artery, a very large tortuous branch, whose course resembles that of the 

 same vessel in the Horse. 



4. A. facial or external maxillary artery, divided into two branches above the inferior 

 insertion of the digastricus. One of these branches, analogous perhaps to the tubim nlnl 

 of Man, passes within this insertion, and is prolonged to the chin, after furnishing 

 ramuscules to the parts lodged in the intermaxillary space. The other branch winds 

 round the inferior Ixirder of the maxilla, in front of the maswter muscle, and is expended 

 on the face by ascending and descending branches, among which we can readily JH-IV. m 

 the two coronary arteries, and the two twigs which we have noticed in Solipeds ns 

 terminal branches of the vc>.-sc]. 



5. The posterior auricular artery, after detaching parotideal and musculo-eutaiieous 

 vessels, is situate 1 on the middle of the external face of the concha, and is direct <\ 

 towards the terminal extremity of the cartilage, where it separates into two branches, 

 which are inflected // tn-nulc,, and return, in following the borders of the concha, towards 

 the la, of the latter, where they anastomose with other branches, cither from the ],. - 

 tcrior or anterior auricular, and which come to meet them. 



