Till: .<!'!. \A1. A/:/, 77 



liliiiin nt i. t'tlu .-7 ylo-glot#tu fn.W/', ami. lin .lly. tin- 1 'ii>i!itic rarmiscules that form, around 

 tin- amygdala, tin- t<in*ilnr / 



, i*tri<\ Formed by the union of the sensitive roots, tin- i aenmogactrio leaves 

 tli<' cianial cavity by tin- jm.-t.-rior foramen laccrnm ; in the interior of that foramen it 

 - the jugular ganglion; a little lower, it has a second fusiform enlargement, the 

 ijnnijliform y//< .'*, whioii is found in the Dog. Here it receives the internal bram-h of 

 the spinal ac<v-sory, or otherwise its motor roots, lieyond this viangliform enlargement, 

 the poeumogaftrio is p'aeed a little within the syniputhet: aloiii: the m-i-k. 



the ehe.st, and terminates on the btomach and in t!ie s>lar plexus. The r- 1 

 of the two pin umopi.-tpes in the thoracic cavity are the same as in animals. In 

 terminating in the semilunar ganglion, the two pncuuiogattiics unite and form an airh 

 named the memorable loop of Wrisberg. 



The various anastomoses of the pneumogMtrie in Man ofler nothing partieulnr. 



The jihnriiinji nl l.rani-heg leave the gangliforin plexus, and are constituted by tlio 

 filaments earned to the |nieumoi.-a>ti i<- by tlie internal root of the spinal accessory. They 

 are two, three, or four in number, and form the pharyngial plexus. 



The tii/H riiir liii-i/it'inil Hi rre also ari.-es from the gMlgliiaan plexus, and offers, as in 

 Iiiiminants. a (ialiea branch that ana&tLn >e~, end to end, with a branch of the infeiior 

 laryn.ncal. The >.>lt mnl lanjiuji-al is furnished by this nerve; it is distributed to the 

 interior ronstriftor mnsde of the pharynx, the crico-thj r roid muscle, and the mucous 

 membrane of the subglottic jortion of the larynx and the ventricle of the glottis. 



The recurrent nerre* all' <-t a distribution analogous to that already made known. 



The pneumogastrie also gives cardinr, pttteonaty, and oesojihatji-ul Itmnrlii-.-s. The 



canliac lie Inside those coining from the sympathetic and reeurrents, and enter the 



MI of \Vri>l>erir. .-itniited at the base of the heart. Tlie (Brif)phageal branches are 



remarkable for their number and complexity, and form a veritable oesopbageal plexus. 



The gastric branches are al.-o very numerous. 



Spinal accessory. It presents bulbous roots which are well known, and medullary roots 

 which usually extend to the fifth cervical, and sometimes to the first dorsal. After its exit 

 from the posterior foramen laeertim, it divides into two branches an internal and external. 

 The internal branch, formed l>y the bulbous roots, enters the jiaugiiform plexus of the 

 pneumogastrie. The external branch comjtorts it&elf as in animals. 



The iiijiioglostal resembles that of Carnivora, and, like it, possesses a bianr-h for the 

 hyo-thyroideus and genio-hyoideus. 



CHAPTER IT. 



SPINAL NKI:V::<. 



\\ ' v. designate as spinal, vertebral, or rachidian ncri-es, those wliich enuuiat'- 

 from the spinal cord, and leave the vertebral canal by tlu- intcrvertebral 

 foramina to proceed to tlie various organs. 



They are estimated at 42 or 43 pairs, and are apportioned as follows in 

 flic live regions of the spine : cervical, s ]>a rs ; dorsal, 17 pairs ; lumbar, 6 

 pairs ; nan-til. 5 pairs; and r/ <;//////, to 7 pairs. 



Tin v differ from the encephalic nerves in closely resembling each other 

 in the fundamental points of th;ir constitution. All proceed from the lad-nil 

 rs of the spinal cord by two orders of roots: one motor, the other 

 sensitive (Fig. 817). In all, these two roots unite in u very short trunk 

 in passing through the interv< Tt< l>ral fm-ariK u ; and this trunk divides almost 

 immediately into two terminal bram-hrs : a superior, drstitu-d to tlio spinal 

 muscles and the integuments covering tin in ; the other, inferior, j>as- 

 the lateral and lower parts of the trunk or to tin; members. All send, from 

 their inferior branch, one or more ramuscules to form the great sympat ; 



The roots of the spinal iu-i-\<> off. i i-vi rywheiv the same disfNisitinn ; 

 each nerve is formed by two fasciculi of converging filaments, sup -ri>r and 

 inferior, which arc naturally ni"iv Minu-roiis ami large when tiny U-l.. 



