i\rr<;tM I:\TARY 



at a high temperature. , -is during active exertion ; at other times the perspira- 

 tion is ituentible. In this respect, the skin has intimate sympathetic relations 

 with other organs which have somewhat analogous functions, such as the 

 lungs, kidneys, intestines, etc., and when its function is disordered or 

 cheeked, it induces alterations in the secretions of one or all of these organs. 

 The skin is also the seat of a constant and important respiratory action, as 

 it absorbs oxygen and throws off carbonic acid, and any interruption to this 

 process is injurious.) 



ARTICLE II. APPENDAGES OP THE SKIN. 



The appendages of the skin are hairs and horny productions, dependents 

 of the epidermic layer. 



HAIRS. 



The hairs are the filaments which, collectively, form the external covering 

 of the skins of animals. 



In the Horse, the bristly appendages known as Jiorse-hair should bo 

 distinguished from the hair proper; the latter are fine and short, particularly 

 in the regions where the skin is thin, imbricated on each other, and spread 

 over the entire surface of the body in a continuous layer which is designated 

 the coat ; the former are long and flowing, occupy the summit of the head, 

 where they constitute the forelock, the upper border of the neck, where they 

 form the mane, and cover the caudal appendage with a splendid tuft, the 

 ///. Some of these also form special organs on the free margin of the 

 eyelids, and are termed eyelaslies ; while others inserted about the lips and 

 below the eyes, are named tentacula. (The eyelashes are chiefly implanted 

 in the upper lid. The hairs of the tail are the longest and strongest in the 

 body. These particular hairs also grow on the posterior aspect of the 

 limbs, generally from about the knees and hocks to the hoofs; at tho 

 sesamoid bones they constitute a long tuft, the fetlock, which surrounds 

 the horny growth named the "ergot." These " foot-locks" are peculiar to 

 tho Horse, and vary in length and coarseness with tho breed of the animal.) 



When the hair is fine, long, and wavy, it forms wool; and when straight 

 and rigid, as in the Pig, it is known as brittle*. 



In the Ass and Mule, the forelock and mane are rudimentary or absent, 

 and the hair of the tail is limited to a small tuft at the extremity of tho 

 organ in the former animal, while in the latter it is much less abundant than 

 in the Horse. 



In the O.r, these Lairs are not present, except at the extremity of the 

 tail, as with tho Ass. 



There are scarcely any other animals which have other hairs than those 

 composing the coat. 



(The ordinary hair of tho coat is soft and clastic, inclined in particular 

 directions, and varies in length not only according to the regions of the 

 body on which it grows, but also according to tho season or climate. In 

 tin Horse, tho direction of the hair of tin , -i.se to curiously-formed 



waves, lines, and circles, the most const ant of which is on the forch.-a 1. 



In tho Cow, tho hair is frix/ly on the foivhcad ; on tho po.stcrior part of 

 tin thighs it has a particular direction, while < n the outer side it passes 

 downwards, and from tho posterior part of the mamma- it ase. n,U as high as 

 the vulva; this characteristic disposition forms what tho French have 

 ti-rni.-d ,'riivnnnx, by which some have pretend, d to recognise tin- lactiferous 

 qualities of the animal. 



