870 ////' <U-:M-:K.\TI\ i: APPARATUS. 



by Locauchie. (When flaccid, the penis of tin /'/</ i> twi-ted in a .spiral manner at th-- 

 extremity. The sheath is narrow, and longer than in Kiuuiuants. At the upper part ul" 

 its opening i- tin 1 :-)>ecial poucli mentioned by C'hauvcuu, ami which i.- tunned \>\ a t'uld 

 uf the skin It opens into the tilieath, nud lecKfe*, in tin- /.'./. an nnctunus llnid, 

 possessing a particularly disagreeable smell, and which is mixed with the urine. The 

 odour of the secretion even taints the flesh of this creature.) 



CARNIVOBA. The testicles of the Cut are formed like, and placed in the same situation 

 as, those of the Pig; those of the Dog are more oval, and are j>endent. 



The Carnivora have no vesiculx seminales. The prostate gland surrounds the neck 

 of the bladder ; it is of a yellow colour, concave on its upper surface, and divided int" 

 two lateral lobes on its lower face. Cowper's glands are absent in the Dug ; they exi.-t in 

 the Cat (in which they are very small, and excrete Iheir secretion by separate/ en", rent 

 canals). The urethra (in its pelvic portion) is very long ; towards the ischial arch it 

 shows an enlargement or bulb, though this is less, proportionately, than in the Ox ; the 

 accelerator muscle is continued for a longer distance around it. (The spongy portion is 

 thintier in the Cut than the Dog.) 



"In the 7)o/, the penis is long and pointed. The posterior half is constituted by the 

 corpus cavernosuin, which is little developed, and has not a complete middle septum. 

 The anterior innicty has for its base a bone, found in several other mammifers, which 

 is intended to favour the introduction of the penis into the genital organs of the female. 



" The penien, or penial, bone is elongated, conical, and incurvated, so as to constitute 

 a furrow inferiorly, in which is lodged the urethra when it leaves the fibrous channel of 

 the corpus cavernosum ; its apex, anteriorly, partly forms the point of the penis ; its base 

 is intimately united to the anterior portion of the corpus cavernosuin ; the median 

 septum, which is very dense, is fixed in this bone, as is the fibrous envelope which mixes 

 with its periosteum. 



" The penial bone almost entirely constitutes the base of nil that portion of the penis 

 included within the sheath ; in addition, this part possesses two distinct erectile e>il<n;/i'- 

 ments an anterior and posterior. The first is analogous to that of the glans penis of the 

 Horse, and is formed by an expansion of the erectile tissue of the urethra; club-shaped 

 at its anterior base, it has there a point suddenly bent downwards, beneath which is 

 pierced the urethral orifice ; posteriorly it is thin, and partially covers the other erectile 

 mass. The latter is supplementary ; it begins at the base of the free portion of the 

 penis, where the integument of the sheath is folded in a circular manner around it. 

 From 1 to 1 inches long, it embraces the upper border and sides of the bone ; pyramidal 

 in shape, its base, which is posterior, is to 1 J inches thick ; in front, it thins away beneath 

 the erectile tissue of the head. 



" Such are the two erectile masses, whose summits overlap, so that the free portion of the 

 penis, bulging in front, and still more so behind, is narrowest in the middle. Although 

 contiguous, these two vascular dilatations are independent of each other ; the posterior 

 has, likewise, no communication with the corpus cavernosum, and possesses two parti- 

 cular veins which pass backward in a lateral groove. Each is erected separately during 

 copulation, when they assume a large size ; the great volume of the posterior enlarge- 

 ment prolongs the duration of this act, until flaccidity ensues. This peculiarity is a 

 consequence of the absence of the seminal reservoirs (the vesiculaj seminales). 



" In the Dog, two small musdes are found which appear to be destined to elevate the 

 penis and direct it during its introduction into the sexual parts of the female, as its 

 erection is always feeble. These are two fasciculi which proceed from the crura of the 

 penis, and pass forward to unite in a common tendon implanted on the dorsal border of 

 tie- i >rgan ; they thus resemble the chord of an arc. 



" The subpenial muscular cords exist as in the other animals. The sheath is narrow 

 and long, and, as in the didactyles, has protractor muscles; the integument is thin and 

 rose-coloured, like that covering the free portion of the penis. 



" In the Cat, the penis is short, and directed backwards ; but in a state of erection it 

 is inclined forwards for copulation. Its free portion presents some peculiarities. It is 

 conical, and its summit, near which is pierced the urethral opening, has for its basis a 

 email incomplete penial bone, that encloses a layer of erectile tissue an expansion of 

 that of the urethra. This free portion is coverea by an integument studded with some- 

 what rigid papillae directed backwards, and capable of being made erect during 

 copulation. These points, which are met with in nearly all the Cat kind, are analogous 

 to the hairs, scales, strong spines, and even the cartilaginous saws, of certain other 

 animals, and which appear to be related to the degree of sensitiveness of the female 

 faexual organs." A. Lavocat. 



