y///: H-MM.I: ', J:\ITAL ORGA.\- 88? 



furnwhed with a tuft of hnir. (The corpus cavi-rm 1.11111 of the clitoris in longer, thinner. 



and more llexuous, and the gland iniii-li Miialler than in tin- Mare.) The ii; 



urinarins is dis|xwed as in the mare ; hut then . xi.~ts, mi the floor of the urethra, a valve 



free liord.r is directed ba.-kwards. Tli * \al\e surmounts a small cul-ili--!-- 



hirh it is necessary to avoid in cathcU ri-m of the bladder. At ulxnit an incli fr.-m the 



nee t" the vtiha. there are found in the texture of the lal>i:i the rulm-rmjinnl ;///n/</x 



(;//<ui'/. nf H'irtliolitie). Discovered by Duverney, d> .vriUd by IWtholine. and 



tly liy Colin, 1 these- glands (two in number) are ahout the size of a large almond ; 



their \\ide extremity is din-rU-d upwards, nnd the narrow end, situated in the vicinity 



of the i*rlii,>-,-li(,,riilit muscle, gives origin to the excretory canaliculi. Tiny arc 



:.ose, and their ducts unite to form a kind of sinus, which at length OJKH.-S in the 



vaginal cavity, nlnit I inches from the hibia of the vulva. (Tin </l<tndulse vagina' arc 



supposed to be analogous to the prostate Clauds, and are covered by muscular fasciculi. 



They are composed of pyriform glandular ver-ides, lined by squauious epithelium, and 



surrounded by a dense nucleated connective tissue; the excretory ducts are invested by 



columnar epithelium, and surrounded by a thin layer of smooth muscle-cells, disposed 



longitudinally. Their secretion is a clear, yellowish, viscid mucus.) 



(In the >V.;> and Goat, the labia of the vulva have several folds externally, and the 

 inferior commissure terminates in a point.) 



Mammjv. In the Cow, each lateral mammary mass, although enclosed in a single 

 fibrous capsule, is composed of two distinct glands, each having its teal ; so that this 

 animal really has four mammas and four teats. There are also frequently found behind 

 these, two rudimentary imperforate (sometimes, though very rarely, perforate) teats. 



In the centre of each gland, at the base of the teat, is a single galadojenut sinun. tin 

 u r ' -nt -ml continent of all the lactiferous ducts a wide cavity opening at the extremity of 

 the tiat by a definitive excretory canal. (The mammae of the Cow occupy the same 

 region as those of the Mare, and the teats are longer and thicker.) 



In the Sheep and Goat, there are only two mammae, as in the Mare and Ass, though 

 they are formed as in the Cow. The Goat has frequently two posterior rudimentary 

 manr 



PIG. The ovary of the /tc has a lobuluted nspect, like the ovary of birds This 

 appearance is due to the ovisacs which, when they are well developed, project beyond 

 the surface of the ovarium, instead of remaining encysted in its stroma. The oviduct 

 is less tlexiions. but its length is proportionately greater than in the other species. The 

 1 ly .if the nt> rtts is short, but the cornua are very long and folded, and float amongst 

 the intestinal convolutions. (Its cervix does not project into the vagina and the two 

 cavities, vagina and uterus, are continued into each other without any marked limit 

 between them. The mucous membrane is very loose, soft, and fine to the touch, and its 

 surface is gathered up into numerous folds of various forms. The broad ligaments 

 resemble the mesentery, nnd the cornua join the Fallopian tubes without any very 

 i Me limit.) 



The vagina shows Grertner's canals, as in the Cow. fits mucous membrane has 

 numerous longitudinal folds anteriorly; and in front a multitude of fine points, which 

 are the excretory ducts of small glands analogous to the prostates. < >n tin side.* of the 

 meatui uriiuiriu* nr. two small fossettes surrounded by a ring. There is no vaginal mlr,. 

 The inferior commissure of the rttlra is more acute than in Ruminants. The mammae 

 i in number, dispond in two rows, extending from the inguinal region to below 

 the chest. Th.y have no galactofcrous reservoirs, as in the larger Huminanta : the 

 lactiferous duct, uniting directly into a variable numt>er of definitive canals that pass 



through the te:-.t. to pie its extremity 1>\ from live to ten orifices. (There nre, of 



coiir-. . live or nix glands in each row, each with its teat.) 



.MMiiiA. In the Iiixj and Cut. the r<ir/V* anil utt-ru* are disposed as in the Pig; 

 the ovaries (are situnU-d behind the kidm-ys. and) are lodged in a particular fold of the 

 hr<ad ligaments, which form., n kind of cup. There are no (Ja-rtner's canals in the 

 C././//KI. Th. ntli-ii of the l>ii is triangular, and acute at its inferior commissure. The 

 I'til has a small Imm- in tin clitoris. The mannnx are ten in number in the />;/, and 

 ight in the <'"!: tln-y an di.-tiii-iiihed, as in the J'i^, into myuinal, uMoiuiiuil, and 

 '/. (l-'adi teat ha.-. ii"iu e'u'ht t" t. n orifices. The rmjinn is long, and wider nt 

 the \ulva than towards tin uti-n. the t-inooth muscular fibres of its external 



coat, it has white fibre* which gi\' it _'nat. r tlrcknc.-s and re.Mntamv. The mucous 

 membrane forms longitudinal, inter.- .t.d by transverse, f"l.ls ; tin \al\> oft!,, m.atii. 

 minariiis .-caro-ly exists. Th. .-. r\i\ ot the ntem.- projects int<> the vngina, and i- 

 Inminous" than the In-dy, which is short; it is hard to the touch.) 



1 ' Tniite de Physiologic Comparee de Animanx DotncrtiqtM*.' Paru, 1871. 



