10 



AGRICDLTUKE. 



Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Holland, Belgium, 

 France, and Koumania. 



The number of domestic animals in 28 Euro- 

 pean States is given at 379,031,705, of which 

 81,573,663 are horses, 4,136,031 asses and 

 mules, 89,678,248 cattle, 194,026,236 sheep, 

 42,686,493 swine, and 16.931,034 goats. Tak- 

 ing all the States together, there are for each, 

 1,000 inhabitants 112 horses, 15 asses and 

 mules, 818 cattle, 687 sheep, 151 swine, and 61 

 goats. Kussia, Denmark, Finland, and Hun- 



gary stand at the head of horse-owning States ; 

 Spain, of mules ; Ireland, Denmark, Bavaria, 

 Finland, Norway, and Wurtemberg, of cattle ; 

 Spain, Great Britain, Roumania, Denmark, 

 Hungary, and Norway, of sheep ; Hungary, 

 Spain, Denmark, and the German duchies, of 

 swine ; Greece stands at the head of the goat- 

 owning States ; next, with a wide interval, 

 comes Spain, and then Portugal. The fol- 

 lowing table gives the more important de- 

 tails : 



The amount and distribution of productive 

 land in a number of these countries are as 

 follows : 



In the above classification, lands under til- 

 lage, or regular plough-culture, whether in a 

 system of rotation or otherwise, constitute the 

 first grand division, which includes cereals, 

 farinaceous crops (such as pease, beans, and po- 

 tatoes), grass crops, and all others, together 

 with land in fallow. The other grand division 

 of productive lands, not subjected to regular or 

 periodical plough-breaking, includes orchards, 

 vineyards, pastures, and woods and forests. A 

 wide range of difference is found in the pro- 



portions of productive area in different coun- 

 tries. The States of the German Empire repre- 1 

 sented in the above table have utilized nearly 

 the whole of their respective territories in 

 some form of production, their proportion of 

 waste land varying from 4 to 11.3 per cent, of 

 the whole. At the other extreme, as might 

 be expected, are those bleak, inhospitable 

 northern regions, Finland, Sweden, and Nor- 

 way. The two former have about half, and 

 the latter nearly three-fourths, of their terri- 

 tories entirely unproductive. It is remarkable 

 that Portugal, in a bright southern climate, 

 has less than half her area occupied with any 

 sort of production. This is partly due to the 

 very large surface covered by her mountain 

 ranges. Great Britain utilizes but 58 per cent, 

 of her territory in agricultural production, and 

 28 per cent, of her agricultural lands are un- 

 used, leaving about 14 per cent, for sites of 

 cities and towns, lakes, streams, roads, etc. 

 France and Belgium utilize in agriculture five- 

 sixths of their lands, including mountains and 

 rivers. Austro-Hungary loses only from 10 to 

 12 per cent., Holland nearly a third, and Ire- 

 land nearly a fourth of their respective areas. 



Of lands under tillage, the States showing 

 the largest proportion, in descending order, 

 are Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Weimar, Belgium, 

 and Hesse-Darmstadt, each of which has over 

 half her territory under plough -culture. 



* Including cows. 



