AGRICULTURE. 



Austria produces an average of 10,172,028 

 bushels of maslin ; Wurtemberg, 778,362 ; Ba- 

 den, 805,992; Hesse-Darmstadt, 266,567; Bel- 

 gium, 2,034,383; France, 21,998,669. Great 

 Britain produces an average of 6,063 tons of 

 sugar-beets ; Hungary, 686,571 ; Wurtemberg, 

 114,013 ; Baden, 39,735 ; Hesse-Darmstadt, 

 420,448; Saxe- Weimar, 13,229; Saxe-Alten- 

 burg, 22,229 ; Holland, 475,766 ; Belgium, 613,- 

 666 ; France, 9,598,989. The following is the 

 average product of hops : Great Britain, 56,441 

 tons; Denmark, 585; Sweden, 2,205 ; Finland, 

 220; Hungary, 864; Bavaria, 23,857; Wurtem- 

 berg, 8,535 ; Baden, 3,140 ; Holland, 242 ; Bel- 

 gium, 5,474; France, 5,100. 



The average annual production of cereals of 

 all sorts in Europe is estimated at 5,153,808,000 

 bushels, of which 1,657,392,000 bushels, or 

 nearly a third, are assigned to Russia; 766,- 

 260,000 bushels, or nearly 15 per cent., to Ger- 

 many; 709,500,000 bushels, or nearly 14 per 

 cent., to France; 567,600,000 bushels, or over 

 11 per cent., to Austria-Hungary. Europe pro- 

 duces a little over 17 bushels per capita of her 

 population. The average ratio per capita of 

 the different countries of Europe is given as 

 follows: Roumania, 40.8 bushels; Denmark, 

 33; Russia, 23; Prussia, 22f; France, 19; 

 Hungary, 19}; Bavaria, 18 J-; Sweden, 15.6; 

 German duchies, 14.5; Belgium and Spain, 13.9; 

 Austria and Wurtemberg, 13.3; Ireland and 

 Turkey, 13; Finland, 12.5; Great Britain, 11.9; 

 Saxony and Servia, 10.7 ; Holland, 9 ; Norway 

 and Greece, 8.8 ; Italy and Portugal, 7.9 ; Switz- 

 erland, 5.9. 



Estimating the average consumption at 15.6 

 bushels per capita for food, seed, and various 

 manufactures, Europe produces about enough 

 to meet her own demand, except in wheat and 

 some other breadstuffs, which exhibit a consid- 

 erable deficiency to be supplied by importation. 



Spain, Italy, and France raise a larger propor- 

 tion of wheat than any other grain ; Finland, 

 Switzerland, and Germany, of rye ; Scandina- 

 via and Germany, of barley ; Ireland, Hungary, 

 and North Germany, of oats. Maize holds first 

 rank in Roumania, Servia, and Portugal ; buck- 

 wheat has but little importance, except in Hol- 

 land and France. Oats is the leading crop of 

 Europe, followed by wheat and rye. 



Of potatoes, Ireland produces 23 bushels per 

 capita; the German Empire, 18.1; Holland, 

 14.5; Belgium, 11.6; France, 10.2; Scandina- 

 via, 9.9; Austria-Hungary, 8; Russia and Fin- 

 land, 4; Great Britain, 3|-; Italy, 1.1 ; Portu- 

 gal, 0.85 ; Spain, 0.28. In the other States this 

 culture is still more insignificant. 



The "industrial plants," including colza, flax, 

 hemp, sugar-beet, hops, and tobacco, are grown 

 to a considerable extent in those countries in 

 which a varied culture is pursued. Roumania 

 produces 88J bushels of colza per hundred of 

 her population; Belgium, 34: Holland, 27; 

 France, 22; Hungary, 20f; Germany, 14; 

 Denmark, 4. This plant is a species of cab- 

 bage, raised for its seed, from which a kind of 

 lamp-oil is expressed. The largest proportion 

 of hemp is raised in Hungary, amounting to 61 

 pounds per capita ; Germany averages 50 ; Fin- 

 land, 43; France, 32; Sweden, 20} ; Rou- 

 mania, I2f ; Belgium, 8|. In flax Ireland takes 

 the lead, producing 13.9 pounds per capita ; 

 Belgium, 10.14; Holland, 7}; France, 3, etc. 

 France is the great sugar-beet country of Eu- 

 rope, her crops averaging 531 pounds per capi- 

 ta ; next, Holland, 260 pounds; Belgium, 233 

 pounds; Hungary, 88#; Germany, 74.3. Of 

 hops, Germany and Great Britain each average 

 about 4 pounds per capita ; France less than 

 2, etc. Tobacco- culture is limited in Europe, 

 yet Hungary produces 5 pounds per capita, and 

 Germany 4; smaller products are noted in 



