AUSTRALIA AND POLYNESIA. 



AUSTEO-HUNGARIAN MONARCHY. 53 



the shipments, both from New York and the 

 St. Lawrence, came in slow vessels, which 

 landed their cargoes so late that the principal 

 exhibits could not be unpacked in time for the 

 opening day. The consequence was, that the 

 visitors, who poured in in thousands in the 

 first week, found the courts in a state of dis- 

 array, and not ready for inspection. Though 

 contributions had been solicited from all the 

 colonies, Queensland and Tasmania only had 

 sent special collections. A large number of 

 prizes and certificates of commendation were 

 awarded to American and Canadian exhibitors. 



A FEEJEEAN. 



On September 17th, Qneen Pomare II., of 

 the Society Islands, died at Tahiti, and her 

 oldest son, Arxane, was proclaimed king. She 

 was the wife of Pomare, who died in 1821. 

 Her eldest son having died during his minor- 

 ity, he was succeeded by Queen Aimata, who, 

 upon ascending the throne, assumed the sur- 

 name of Pomare, according to custom. In 

 1843 the kingdom was occupied by the French. 

 The queen made her escape to one of the 

 neighboring islands, and several skirmishes 

 took place between the natives and the in- 

 vaders. In 1846, the French power being com- 

 pletely established, Queen Pomare was re- 

 called, and a treaty was entered into, by which 

 she was restored to authority, and the whole 

 of her dominions were placed under the pro- 

 tectorate of France. 



A treaty was ratified early in 1877 between 

 fthe German Emperor and the King of the 

 Tonga Islands, a group of islands in the South 

 Pacific, better known as the Friendly Islands. 

 The fourth and fifth clauses of the treaty pro- 

 vide that there shall be free commerce between 

 the German Empire and all the Tongan coun- 

 try. The subjects of the two contracting 



powers are to have full liberty to enter any of 

 the German or Tongan ports or harbors with 

 their ships or merchandise ; and Germans re- 

 siding in Tonga, or Tongans living in Germany, 

 are to enjoy the same rights and privileges 

 as the subjects of the respective sovereigns. 

 The war-vessels of either power are to be al- 

 lowed to enter, anchor, and remain in any of 

 the ports of the other, and may provision, 

 coal, or refit there. It is hardly probable, 

 however, that Tonga will, for some time to 

 come, benefit by this last clause, since the 

 Tongan fleet consists at present of a few double 

 canoes, and even to build these the Tongau 

 shipwrights have to repair to the neighboring 

 Feejee Islands, as no trees of sufficient size for 

 the purpose grow upon their own territory. 

 The total population of the Tongan Islands, 

 which consist of three groups the Hapai, 

 Leforga, and Vavas Islands is estimated at 

 18,000 souls, of whom about 4,500 are nomi- 

 nally Christians. The only article of export 

 is cocoanut-oil. This is the first attempt by 

 Germany to gain a foothold in the South 

 Pacific. 



In Samoa, the Navigators' Islands, a disor- 

 dered state of affairs existed during 1877, re- 

 sulting mainly from quarrels among the differ- 

 ent consuls resident there. Toward the close 

 of the year the Secretary of State of Samoa 

 came to Washington to arrange a treaty, 

 whereby the islands might be placed under 

 the protection of the United States Govern- 

 ment. (See SAMOA.) 



AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN MONARCHY, an 

 empire in Central Europe. Emperor, Francis 

 Joseph I., born August 18, 1830 ; succeeded 

 his uncle, the Emperor Ferdinand I., on De- 

 cember 2, 1848. Heir-apparent to the throne, 

 Archduke Rudolphus, born August 21, 1858. 



The ministry for the common affairs of the 

 empire consisted, toward the close of the year 

 1877, of Count Andrassy, Minister of Foreign 

 Affairs and of the Imperial House (appointed 

 1871) ; Baron Leopold Friedrich von Hofmann, 

 Minister of the Finances of the Empire (ap- 

 pointed 1876); and Count Arthur Bylandt- 

 Rheidt, Minister of War (appointed 1876). 



The ministry of cis-Leithan Austria was in 

 1877 composed of Prince Adolf von Auersperg, 

 President (appointed November, 1871) ; J. Las- 

 ser, Freiherr von Zollheim, Interior (November, 

 1871) ; C. von Stremayr, Public Worship and 

 Instruction (November, 1871); Glaser, Justice 

 (November, 1871); J. Ritter von Chlumecky, 

 Commerce (appointed in November, 1871, Min- 

 ister of Agriculture ; transferred to the Minis- 

 try of Commerce in May, 1875) ; Baron von 

 Pretis-Cagnodo, Finances (January, 1872) ; Co- 

 lonel Horst, Defense of the Country (appointed 

 pro tern. November, 1871, definitely March, 

 1872); Count Mannsfeld, Agriculture (May, 

 1875) ; J. Unger (November, 1871) and Florian 

 Ziemialkowski (April, 1873), ministers with- 

 out portfolio. 



Area of the monarchy, 240,348 square miles-, 



