BRAZIL. 



The exportation-tax on smelted silver and 

 silver ores had been sold at auction for one 

 year, for the sum of $386,164, to be paid by 

 monthly installments, in advance. 



BRAZIL (I-MPERio DO BBAZIL), an Empire of 

 South America, and the only country with a 

 monarchical form of government in the New 

 World. It is situated between latitude 5 10' 

 north and 33 46' south, and longitude 34 47' 

 and 74 7' west. It is bounded on the north 

 by the United States of Colombia, Venezuela, 

 the Guianas, and the Atlantic ; on the east by 

 the same ocean ; on the south by Uruguay, the 

 Argentine Republic, and Paraguay ; and on the 

 west by Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. 



The only two countries with which the ques- 

 tion of boundaries still remains unsettled are 

 Bolivia and the United States of Colombia. In 

 May, 1875, a new Brazilian commission was 

 appointed to pursue the work of deciding the 

 boundaries ; a similar appointment was made 

 by the Bolivian Government, and the two com- 

 missions met at Corumba, for the purpose of 

 determining upon the most convenient course 

 to be pursued for the prosecution of the labor 

 from the northern extremity of Lake Caceres, 

 at which point the previous commission had 

 left off. Unexpected incidents supervened, 

 however, which ultimately led to a new post- 

 ponement of operations. Before setting out 

 from Corumba, General Mujia applied to the 

 Brazilian Government, stating that he was in 

 want of funds to carry on the work, and peti- 

 tioning an advance. The Imperial Government, 

 in view of the official character of the petition- 

 er, as Bolivian appointee, and in order to prevent 

 any further cause of delay, unhesitatingly yield- 

 ed to his request, supplying him with money 

 to the amount of $12,816. Meantime, the Bo- 

 livian Government, having been apprised by the 

 Bolivian Minister at Rio de Janeiro, manifested 

 its indignation at the commissioner's conduct, 

 directing, at the same time, that no further ad- 

 vances should be made. In the course of diplo- 

 matic correspondence, the- affair assumed a 

 character which bade fair to be, and may still 

 become, prejudicial to the project. On Octo- 

 ber 6, 1876, the Bolivian Minister of Foreign 

 Affairs informed the Brazilian Foreign Minister 

 that his Government had resolved upon recalling 

 General Mujia, add ing that, if the latter should 

 give a satisfactory explanation of his conduct, 

 he should at once return to the discharge of 

 his duty, and, if not, an effort would be made 

 to appoint another in his stead. It was after- 

 ward proposed by Brazil, and acceded to by 

 Bolivia, that the Brazilian commission should 

 proceed alone, and that Bolivia should, when 

 most convenient, send out a commission to 

 verify the accuracy of the demarkation. Last- 

 ly, on November 28, 1876, the Bolivian Gov- 

 ernnrent^manifested its readiness to appoint a 

 new commission, so that 1 the work should be 

 carried on to completion simultaneously on 

 each side ; but the appointment was not made, 

 owing, most probably, to the troubled condi- 



tion of affairs in the Republic in the year just 

 past. 



The Colombian Government, with which no 

 agreement has yet been made respecting the 

 common boundary-line, protested, under date 

 of March 15, 1875, against the demarkation of 

 limits between Brazil and Peru. The protest, 

 however, was not received in Rio de Janeiro 

 until September of the same year, " long after 

 its publication in the Lima newspapers, as had 

 already occurred on other occasion*" The re- 

 newal by correspondence, and at so great a 

 distance, of a discussion which could lead to 

 no practical result, was by the Brazilian Gov- 

 ernment decreed useless ; Brazil's right to the 

 territory claimed by Colombia had been " abun- 

 dantly proved " by Sefior Conselheiro Azam- 

 buja, during his mission as Minister to Bogota. 

 So the only reply elicited by the protest was a 

 reference to the correspondence between Azam- 

 buja and the Bogota Government, and the con- 

 firmation of the imperial resolution to adhere 

 to the boundaries marked out. 



Statistical details relating to the territorial 

 division, the area, population, etc., of the Em- 

 pire, will be found in the volumes of the AN- 

 NTJAL CYCLOPAEDIA for 1872 and 1876. 



The results of the new census take up 23 

 printed volumes, containing an aggregate of 

 8,546 statistical tables. 



The population is set down at 10,110,090, of 

 whom 1,419,966* were slaves; but if the es- 

 timated number of the uncivilized Indians be 

 added, the total population will stand at 11,- 

 110,090. 



The ethnological proportions would appear 

 to have been as follows: Caucasian race. 3,- 

 787,289; African, 1,954,452; hybrids (mnlat- 

 toes, cafuzos, etc.), 3,801,782 ; and the re- 

 mainder, of the American race, comprising 

 386,955 civilized Indians. 



In regard to sex, the equilibrium is almost 

 perfect, the proportion being approximately as 

 20 to 19 in favor of the males. 



The number of Roman Catholics was given 

 at 9.902,712. 



Of the free population, 8,176,191 were set 

 down as Brazilians; 121,246 as Portuguese; 

 45,829 as Germans; 6,108 as French; and 

 44,580 as Africans; and of the slaves, 1,372,- 

 246 were of Brazilian birth. 



In the year 1875 there were 159 cases of 

 naturalization, and 148 in 1876 (up to Novem- 

 ber 15th) ; the original nationality of the new 

 citizens being : Portuguese, 210 ; Italian, 43 ; 

 German, 18 ; French, 1 1 ; British, 6 ; Spanish, 

 5 ; Russian, 3 ; Austro-Hnngarian, 3 ; Moorish, 

 2 ; Belgian, Uruguayan, Paraguayan, United 

 States, and Swiss, 1 each. The number of 

 the children of the naturalized was 232, of 

 whom 126 were males, and 33 had attained 

 their majority. 



Concerning the subject of immigration, the 

 Governments of the European countries which 



* On December 81, 18T5: report of the Minister of Public 

 Works, Commerce, and Agriculture, 1876. 



