76 



BRAZIL. 



de Muritiba, de Bom Retire (Senator), de Ja- 

 guary (Senator), de Caravellas, and do Nicthe- 

 roy; and of the six members extraordinary: 

 Senators Viscount de Araxa, Duke de Caxias 

 (President), J. P. Dias de Carvacho, J. J. Tei- 

 xeira, Vice- Admiral J. R. de Lamare, and Dr. P. 

 J. Scares de Souza. 



BRAZIL KTJT, SHOWING FRUIT CUT OPEN, DISCLOSING THB 

 ARRANQEMENT OP NUTS. 



The President of the Senate, which is com- 

 posed of 58 life-members, is Viscount de Ja- 

 guary. 



The President of the Chamber of Deputies, 



.with 122 members elected for four years, is 



Councilor of State P. J. Soares de Souza ; and 



the Vice-Presidents, J. P. M. Portella, Baron 



da Villa da Barra, and Baron de Aquiraz. 



The Archbishop of Bahia, J. G. de Azevedo 

 (1875), is Primate of all Brazil ; and there are 

 11 bishops : those of Para, Sao Luiz, Fortaleza, 

 Olinda, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Porto Alegre, 

 Marianna, Diamantina, Goyaz, and Cuyaba. 



In pursuance of the law of February 27, 1875, 

 military service is obligatory for all citizens, 

 the law admitting, however, of numerous ex- 

 ceptions, and granting the right of substitution. 

 The period of service is six years in the regular 

 Army, and three in the reserve corps. The 

 strength of the Army in time of peace is fixed 

 at 15,000. In 1877 the Imperial Army com- 

 prised 1,574 officers and 16,177 men (exclusive 

 of some 1,500 hands employed in the arsenal). 

 The established war-strength is 32,000. 



The regular Army consists of 5 regiments, 2 

 detachments, 1 squadron, and 4 garrison com- 

 panies of cavalry ; 21 battalions, 8 garrison com- 

 panies, and 1 depot drill-company of infantry ; 3 

 regiments of horse and 4 battalions of foot ar- 

 tillery ; and 1 battalion of sappers and miners. 



The police force consists of 7,306 men, of 

 whom 1,066 are in Rio de Janeiro. 



The reorganization of the National Guard, 

 disbanded,awaiting the new census returns, has 

 not yet taken place. 



The Navy consisted, in 1877, of 11 iron-clad 

 steamers, 1 frigate, 6 steam corvettes, 20 

 steam gunboats, 15 steam transports, and 3 



sail-of-the-line ; with a total armament of 197 

 guns, and an aggregate of 7,192 horse-power. 

 There were besides 9 vessels for port service, 

 1 school-ship, and 1 brig for midshipmen, both 

 without armament; and, in process of con- 

 struction, 1 iron-clad, 1 corvette, and 4 gun- 

 boats. 



There were in the naval service 14 general 

 staff officers, 349 first-class and 159 second- 

 class and supernumerary officers, a sanitary 

 corps 75 strong, 20 almoners, 99 accountants, 

 62 guardians, 40 engineers, 2,993 imperial ma- 

 rines, a naval battalion of 842 men, and 1,528 

 apprentices total, 6,181. 



The National Treasury, under the immedi- 

 ate supervision of the Minister of Finance, is 

 the administrative financial centre of the Em- 

 pire. Besides this central department, there 

 is in each province a treasury subordinate to 

 the former, and various bureaux, for the col- 

 lection of taxes, in the capital and the prov- 

 inces, and special agents in each municipality. 



The Minister of Finance is required to lay 

 before the Chamber of Deputies, at the open- 

 ing of each session, a budget of the expendi- 

 ture for the year following, and of all sources 

 of public revenue, as also the final balance- 

 sheet of the revenue and expenditure for the 

 last year but one preceding, and the estimated 

 balance for the year immediately preceding. 



Although the fiscal year commences on July 

 1, and ends on June 30, taxes for that year 

 are collected, and payments effected up till 

 December 81. 



The payment of the capital and interest of 

 the home debt, consolidated by law, and repre- 1 

 sented by revenue bonds, is effected by a de- 

 partment independent of the National Treas- 



BRAZILIAN EAGLE. 



ury, and designated as that of the "Amortiza- 

 tion, or Sinking, Fund," presided over by the 

 Minister of Finance, and composed of an In- 

 spector-General of the Fund and five native 

 capitalists bondholders. The branches of this 

 fund are the provincial treasuries. 



The payment of the capital and interest of 

 the foreign debt, contracted in London, is in- 



