80 



CALIFORNIA. 



ward resided. He was successful in perform- 

 ing many difficult operations in surgery, which 

 was his specialty, and brought into general use 

 the treatment of fractures, generally known 

 as "Buck's Extension." He was one of the 

 oldest hospital surgeons in New York, holding 

 the position of Visiting Surgeon of the New 

 York Hospital from 1837 till his death. He 

 was also Visiting Surgeon of the St. Luke's and 

 the Presbyterian Hospitals, Consulting Surgeon 

 of the Koosevelt Hospital, and for ten years 

 previous to 1862 he was the Visiting Surgeon 

 of the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary. Be- 



sides being a fellow of the Academy of Medi- 

 cine from the time it was founded, and serving 

 one term as its vice-president, he was connect- 

 ed with the New York Pathological Society, 

 the American Medical Association, and at dif- 

 ferent times acted as a trustee of the New York 

 Eye and Ear Infirmary, the College of Physi- 

 cians and Surgeons, the New York Dispensary, 

 and the New York Ophthalmic and Aural Insti- 

 tute. For 35 years he was a frequent contrib- 

 utor to medical journals. He also published 

 an elaborate treatise entitled " Contributions 

 to Keparative Surgery." 



O 



CALIFORNIA. The subject of Chinese im- 

 migration has occupied an unusual degree of 

 attention during the year in California. The 

 excited state of popular feeling led to several 

 outbreaks of violence. On the night of March 

 14th, five Chinamen were murdered in the 

 town of Chico, by members of an organization 

 called the Anti-Chinese and Workingmen's As- 

 sociation. The persons concerned were imme- 

 diately arrested, and it was ascertained that 

 the object of the association was to deter Chi- 

 nese from obtaining employment in that place, 

 and that murder and arson were among the 

 agencies to be used for the purpose. Not only 

 the Chinese, but their employers, were to 

 become objects of attack, unless they yielded 

 to the demands of the association. The mem- 

 bers were bound to secrecy, and sworn to obey 

 all orders of the "Council of Nine." The ex- 

 posure of its purposes led to the dissolution 

 of the organization, its principal officers being 

 indicted as accessory to the murder of the 

 Chinese. The excitement occasioned in vari- 

 ous parts of the country, by the railroad strikes 

 in July, led to a riotous uprising of the lawless 

 elements in San Francisco. Their demonstra- 

 tions were directed almost wholly against the 

 Chinese, and, on the night of the 25th, attacks 

 were made upon several wash-houses and dwell- 

 ings in the Chinese quarter, and fires were 

 started in different parts of the city. A Com- 

 mittee of Safety had been previously organized 

 to assist the authorities in suppressing disor- 

 der, and a large force of military and special 

 police promptly checked the proceedings of 

 the mob. The vigorous action of the city au- 

 thorities, and of the Committee of Safety, which 

 was made up of all classes of law-abiding citi- 

 zens, speedily restored the city to a condition 

 of quiet. Among the appeals made during the 

 disturbances, was the following, by the Roman 

 Catholic Archbishop : 



In these days of trouble, when order, property, and 

 life are threatened, I deem it not put of place to call 

 upon aTTgood citizens, the Catholics in particular, to 

 stand by authority. Anarchy is the greatest fiend 

 of society, and of the individual. Good sense, law, 

 conscience, religion, and God himself, forbid sedi- 

 tion, and command subordination. Injuries are often 



hard to bear ; but it is never lawful to join a mob to 

 obtain redress, even if the Government be slow in 

 affording relief. No portion of our Republic has 

 suffered more than the people of California from the 

 flood of Asiatic immigration, supplanting gradually 

 all kinds of labor and trades, and practically exiling 

 from their own homes and country thousands or 

 laborers and tradesmen. But the remedy lies not 

 in the mad torch of anarchy. The people of the 

 United States have the good sense, power, and will 

 to have the evil corrected by legal means, and they 

 will do it. But to seek redress by joining the wild 

 fury of the rioters is most criminal, tor it encourages 

 and consummates the lawless destruction of prop- 

 erty ; it endangers, and frequently destroys, the lives 

 of citizens ; it entails untold-of misery and suffering, 

 and not seldom it brings to a sad end the evil-doers. 

 Our people of California are, as a rule, strictly sub- 

 ordinate to authority, although a few may occasion- 

 ally be misguided by unprincipled leaders. Hence 

 I feel it my duty, in these dangerous times, to coun- 

 sel all to shun suspicious company, to listen to no 

 declaimer conniving at the subversion of quiet and 

 order, to participate in no unauthorized movement, 

 and to sustain to their utmost the legally-constituted 

 authorities. t J. S. ALEMANY, 



July 25, 1877. Archbishop of San Francisco. 



In writing to the chairman of the Committee 

 of Safety, on July 31st, regarding the cause of 

 the outbreak, Governor Irwin said : 



There is no question that the actual rioters the 

 hoodlums, thieves, and internationalists were en- 

 couraged to make the demonstrations which they 

 did, by the knowledge they had of the discontent 

 prevailing among the great body of the laboring men 

 of the State on account of Chinese immigration and 

 Chinese labor. The rioters hoped to be joined by 

 the laboring men. This led them to believe that 

 they might depredate on the property of the Chinese, 

 or apply the torch to the property of those who em- 

 ploy Chinese, with impunity. And I need not stop 

 to depict the disaster to both property and life which 

 must have ensued if the hope of the rioters had been 

 realized. Yet the small amount of property destroyed 

 in the riots, and the few casualties which occurred 

 in suppressing them, are due to the fact that the la- 

 boring people, though feeling most profoundly that 

 they are the subjects of great wrongs, through the 

 policy which admits the Chinese to free competition 

 with them in the labor market, steadfastly refused 

 to resort to violent or irregular methods to remedy 

 their grievances. But can we hope that, with the 

 same cause of complaint becoming more and more 

 aggravated from year to year, they will always ex- 

 hibit the same forbearance and splendid self-control 

 which they have shown in the crisis just passed? I 



