DOMINION OF CANADA. 



EARTH, THE. 



259 



In New Brunswick the number of pupils in 

 attendance during the term ending April 30, 

 1877, was 51,688 ; during the year ending on 

 that date, 66,390. During the winter term of 

 1876, the attendance was 47,870 ; during the 

 summer term, 52,020; during the year ending 

 October 31, 1876, 64,689. The percentage of 

 enrolled pupils in daily attendance during 1876, 

 was 57.61 in the winter term, and 53. 24 in the 

 summer term. The whole number of schools in 

 operation during the winter term was 1,134; 

 summer term, 1,274; teachers, winter, 1,187; 

 summer, 1,320. There were 325 graded school 



WOLFE'S MONUMENT, QUEBEC. 



departments, with an average daily attendance 

 of 10,268; 49 superior schools, with 2,829 pu- 

 pils ; and 14 grammar-schools, with 2,463 pu- 

 pils, of whom 829 were in the grammar-school 

 departments proper. A new normal school, 

 at St. John, was inaugurated on August 14, 

 1877. 

 The following are the more important edu- 



cational statistics of Ontario for 1876 : total 

 receipts, $3,393,655, of which $270,576 were 

 from legislative grants, $793,161 from munici- 

 pal school assessment, $1,553,574 from trus- 

 tees' school assessment, and $776,344 from 

 other sources; total expenditure, $3,006,456, 

 of which $1,838,322 were for teachers' salaries, 

 $49,082 for maps, prizes, etc., $150,745 for 

 rent, repairs, etc., $630,265 for building, sites, 

 etc., and $338,042 for other purposes ; school 

 population (5 to 16), 502,250; number attend- 

 ing public schools, 490,537 ; average attend- 

 ance, 212,483 ; number of teachers, 6,185 ; 

 highest salary paid male teacher, $1,000; low- 

 est salary paid male teacher, $120; average 

 salary of male teachers, $533 ; average salary 

 of female teachers, $268 ; number of schools 

 open, 5,042; number of school-houses, 4,926, 

 of which 1,417 were brick, 514 stone, 2,253 

 frame, and 742 log ; number of schools opened 

 and closed with prayer, 4,173; number of 

 schools using maps, 4,603 ; average time public 

 schools were open, 11 months and 14 days; 

 number of Eoman Catholic separate schools, 

 167; receipts of same, $106,483; pupils, 25,294; 

 average attendance, 12,779. 



DRAGOMIROFF, a Russian general, was 

 born in 1830. In 1849 he left the military 

 academy, and was appointed an officer in the 

 active army. During the wars of 1859, in Italy, 

 and of 1866, in Germany, he was attached in 

 the one case to the Sardinian, and in the other 

 to the Prussian army, as Russian military at- 

 tach6. From 1860-'69 he was Professsor of 

 Tactics in the Nicholas Academy of the General 

 Staff, and in his lectures on the war of 1866 

 he showed himself possessed of a vast amount 

 of learning, and of great powers of observa- 

 tion. In 1868 he was created major-general, 

 and in the following year chief of staff of the 

 military district of Kiev. In 1873 he received 

 the command of the 14th Infantry Division, and 

 in 1877 was the first to cross the Danube at 

 Simnitza. During the battles at the Shipka 

 Pass he wasliadly wounded. His orders of the 

 day, instructing his troops how to act during 

 the battle, have established for him a reputa- 

 tion as one of the ablest Russian generals. 



E 



EARTH, THE.* Comparative Statistics. 

 We present below, as in the two former volumes 

 of the ANNUAL CYCLOPAEDIA, the comparative 

 statistics of the area and population of the large 

 divisions of the globe, of the numerical rela- 

 tion of the sexes in different countries, of the 

 largest cities of the earth, and of the progress 

 of railroads and telegraphs. 



I. Present Area and Population. The area 

 and population of the large divisions of the 

 world were estimated as follows, in 1877; 



* For an account of former estimates of the total population 

 of the earth, beginning with Isaac Vosslus, see ANNUAL CY- 

 SLOP-EDIA for 1S75. 



The increase in population over the total of 

 1876 (2,340,000) is due to the increase in Eu- 

 rope, where new censuses and calculations, in 

 several countries, have taken place. 

 II. Statistics of Sex. The numeric relations 



