EVARTS, WILLIAM M. 



FINANCES, UNITED STATES. 285 



Yale College in 1802, was admitted to the bar 

 in 1806, practised his profession in New Haven 

 for about four years, and from 1810 to 1820 

 edited the Panoplist, a religious monthly maga- 

 zine, published in Boston. In 1812, he was 

 chosen treasurer of the American Board of 

 Commissioners for Foreign Missions, and in 

 1820, when the Panoplist was discontinued, 

 and the Missionary Herald was issued by the 

 Board in its stead, he took charge of the latter 

 periodical. He was chosen corresponding sec- 

 retary of the Board in 1821, and retained that 

 office until his death. He wrote 24 essays on 

 the rights of the Indians, under the signature 

 of " William Penn," which were published in 

 1829. William Maxwell graduated at Yale 

 College in 1837, studied in the Harvard Law 

 School under Judge Story and Prof. Greenleaf, 

 and was admitted to the bar in New York, in 

 1841. In 1849, he was appointed Deputy 

 United States District Attorney in New York 

 City. He held this position for 4 years. In 

 1851, while temporarily acting as District At- 

 torney, he distinguished himself by his prose- 

 cution of the persons engaged in the " Cleopa- 

 tra Expedition," a Cuban filibustering scheme. 

 In 1853 he was counsel for the State of New 

 York in the famous Lemmon slave case. In 

 1861 he and Horace Greeley were rival candi- 

 dates, before the Republican Caucus, for United 

 States Senator from New York. The name of 

 Mr. Evarts was finally withdrawn, and Ira 

 Harris was elected. In the impeachment trial 

 of President Johnson, in the spring of 1868, 

 Mr. Evarts was principal counsel for the de- 

 fendant. From July 15, 1868, to the close of 

 President Johnson's administration, he was 

 Attorney-General of the United States. In 

 1872 he was counsel for the United States be- 

 fore the Tribunal of Arbitration on the Alabama 

 Claims, at Geneva, in Switzerland. Mr. Evarts 

 is a member of the law firm of Evarts, South- 



mayd & Choate, in New York, and is Presi- 

 dent of the State Bar Association. For many 

 years his reputation as a lawyer has been 

 national, and he has been engaged in many of 

 the most important cases tried in the country. 

 Among others may be mentioned the cele- 

 brated Parrish will case, and the contest of the 

 will of Mrs. Gardner, the mother of President 

 Tyler's widow. He was the senior counsel re- 

 tained by Henry Ward Beecher in the action 

 brought by Theodore Tilton, the trial of which 

 lasted six months. The most important cause 

 in which Mr. Evarts has recently appeared as 

 an advocate was that of the Republican party, 

 before the Electoral Commission at Washing- 

 ton, in the early part of 1877. Mr. Evarts is 

 also widely known as an orator. On many 

 important occasions he has delivered addresses, 

 some of which have been published. Among 

 his more recent public addresses may be men- 

 tioned the eulogy on Chief Justice Chase, at 

 Dartmouth College, in June, 1873; the Centen- 

 nial oration, in Philadelphia, in 1876; and the 

 speeches at the unveiling of the statues of 

 William H. Seward and Daniel Webster, in 

 New York. Mr. Evarts has been a Republican 

 from the organization of that party. As the 

 leader of the New York delegation in the 

 National Convention of 1860, he presented the 

 name of William H. Seward in an effective 

 speech. Just before the presidential election 

 of 1876, he made a forcible speech in Cooper 

 Union, New York, in behalf of the Republican 

 candidates. When the result of the election 

 was declared to be in favor of Hayes and 

 Wheeler, public sentiment unanimously centred 

 on Mr. Evarts as the best selection for the first 

 position in the Cabinet, and President Hayes 

 promptly appointed him Secretary of State. 

 Mr. Evarts received the degree of LL.D. from 

 Union College in 1857, from Yale in 1865, and 

 from Harvard in 1870. 



F 



FARLEY, JAMES T., who has been elected 

 United States Senator from California, for the 

 term beginning, March 4, 1879, is a native of 

 Virginia, 49 years of age, and has resided in 

 California for 27 years. He is a lawyer, and 

 for several years has been the recognized 

 leader of the Democratic party in California. 

 He was the Democratic nominee for United 

 States Senator in 1874, when Governor Booth 

 was the successful candidate. He is reported 

 to be opposed to Chinese immigration, and to 

 Government subsidy to the Texas Pacific Rail- 

 road, and to be in favor of free trade. 



FElZI PASHA, Mukhtar Pasha's chief of 

 staff, is a Hungarian refugee, whose origi- 

 nal name was Kohlmann. He went to Turkey 

 about 30 years ago, and has been in the Turkish 

 service ever since. But although he frequently 

 distinguished himself during that time, it was 



not until quite recently that he was created a 

 pasha, and then only through a caprice of 

 Abdul Aziz, who was specially pleased with 

 Feizi's conduct on the occasion of some sham 

 manoeuvres. He is an officer of great merit, 

 and in the war of 1877 again distinguished 

 himself as chief of the engineering staff of 

 Mukhtar Pasha. 



FINANCES OF THE UNITED STATES. 

 The same depression which existed in the finan- 

 cial affairs of the country for the previous three 

 years continued, with increased effect, through 

 1877. In some departments a temporary and 

 limited improvement appeared, but without 

 any extensive or permanent influence. 



In the annual report of the Secretary of the 

 Treasury, made December, 1876, there was 

 presented a statement of the receipts and ex- 

 penditures of the Government for the first 



