FORREST, NATHAN B. 



FRANCE. 



299 



had depended chiefly on the shipping of the 

 port, utterly prostrate. 



FORREST, General NATHAN BEDFORD, the 

 Confederate cavalry officer, died in Memphis, 

 Tenn., October 29, 1877. He was born at 

 Chappel Hill, Tenn., in 1821, and when he was 

 13 years old went with his father to Missis- 

 sippi. Here, at the breaking out of the war, 

 he was a wealthy planter. He entered the 

 Confederate service as a private, but soon 

 afterward raised a regiment of cavalry, which 

 he commanded at Fort Donelson in February, 

 1862, from which he escaped with Generals 

 Floyd and Pillow, after the Confederate defeat 

 on the 15th." Forrest joined General A. S. 

 Johnston in his retreat from Bowling Green, 

 Ky., and took a prominent part in the battle 

 of Shiloh, where he was wounded. In July, 

 1862, he made a bold and successful attack on 

 Murfreesborough, Tenn., for which he was made 

 a brigadier-general. When General Bragg ad- 

 vanced from Chattanooga to Kentucky, General 

 Forrest rendered important service in Middle 

 Tennessee; but on August 30th, his brigade 

 was routed by a Union force near McMinnville. 

 In December he made a bold raid in West 

 Tennessee, but was again routed near Parker's 

 Cross Roads. In March, 1863, General Forrest 

 repulsed an attack made by General Greene 

 day Smith, and soon after followed Colonel 

 Streight in his raid into Alabama and Georgia, 

 and compelled him to surrender after several 

 days of severe fighting. Forrest was now as- 

 signed to the command of the cavalry corps of 

 the Army of the Tenessee, and took part in 

 the battle of Chickamauga. In March, 1864, 

 he led a cavalry force 5,000 strong from Mis- 

 sissippi into Tennessee, occupied Union City 

 and Hickman, made two unsuccessful assaults 

 on Paducah, Ky., and in April, captured Fort 

 Pillow. He continued his active operations 

 during the summer and autumn ; in November 

 attacked and destroyed Johnsonville, a Federal 

 depot for supplies on the Tennessee river, and 

 was afterward engaged in the fighting around 

 Nashville. General Forrest was made a major- 

 general at the close of 1863, and a lieutenant- 

 general early in 1865. 



FRANCE, a republic of Europe. Presi- 

 dent, Marshal Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de 

 MacMahon, Duke of Magenta, elected May 24, 

 1873. Chief of the cabinet, Colonel Robert ; 

 Secretary of the President, Viscount d'Har- 

 court ; Vice-President of Council of Ministers, 

 at the close of the year 1877, Jules Armand 

 Stanislas Dufaure. 



The legislative body consists of a Senate and 

 a Chamber of Deputies. The Senate consists 

 of 75 life-members, elected by the late Nation- 

 al Assembly (see ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA for 1875 

 for a complete list and the biographies of 

 the life-senators), and 225 elected for 3, 6, 

 and 9 years respectively, by a direct vote of 

 the people. The President of the Senate in 

 1877 was the Duke d'Audiffret-Pasquier. The 

 Chamber of Deputies consists of 532 members. 



The President of the Chamber of Deputies in 

 1877 was Francois Paul Jules Gre"vy. 



The area of France, according to the official 

 report on the census of 1872 (" Statistique de 

 la France "), was 204,092 square miles. The 

 population, according to the census of 1876, 

 was 36,905,788. 



The table on page 300 exhibits the area of 

 each department, its population according to 

 the new census of 1876, and the movement of 

 population during the year 1874. 



The census of 1876 has, moreover, given the 

 following figures: there were 362 arrondisse- 

 ments, 2,863 cantons, and 36,050 communes. 

 The cantons have decreased two, owing to the 

 regulation of the frontier with Germany. The 

 total population has increased 802,867, or 2.17 

 per cent., since 1872. According to sex, the 

 population was divided as follows : males, mar- 

 ried 7,587,259, widowers 980,619, single 9,- 

 805,761; females, married 7,567,080, widows 

 2,020,683, single 8,944,386. The increase has 

 been greatest in the departments of Seine, 

 Nord, Loire, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Gironde, Fi- 

 nistere, and Marne ; a decrease showed itself 

 in 20 departments, principally in the Basses- 

 Alpes, Calvados, Eure, Gers, Lot, Manche, 

 Orne, and Vaucluse. The population of the 

 principal cities was as follows in 1876 and 

 1872. 



The movement of population from 1866 to 

 1875 was as follows: 



