GEOGRAPHICAL PROGRESS AND DISCOVERY. 



333 



the eastern side, such as Uganda with its 5 

 million inhabitants, Ruanda with 5 millions, 

 Urindi with 3 millions, Usagara, both Usuis, 

 Unyoro, Karagwe, Usongora, Ukerewe. The 



tract traversed by Stanley, which promises to 

 become a rich commercial field, contains some 

 600,000 square miles, and 2,000 miles of un- 

 broken water communication. 



STANLEY'S MAP 



of the 



CONGO RIVER 



1876-77 



Dr. Emil Holub, an intrepid Bohemian trav- 

 eler, made a third journey into the heart of 

 Africa from the southeast, which, lasted from 

 March, 1875, till November, 1876. His course 

 was from the salt basin of Moffato, by way of 

 the town of Molema (Molapo), to the town of 

 Mo'ila (Linokana) ; from Linokana by the Dwar 

 mountains, along the Limpopo, and by the Si- 

 rorum6, to Shoshong; from Shoshong to the 

 small river of Panda ma Tenka, passing along 

 the vast group of saline basins in the middle of 

 East Africa ; from the Panda ma Tenka, by 

 the confluence of the Chob6 and the Zambesi, 

 to Shesheke ; from the Panda ma Tenka to the 

 Victoria cataract ; from Shesheke to the coun- 

 try south of Barotse ; from the Panda ma Ten- 

 ka across the Nata river, and along the Mai- 

 tangwe, to the Makalaka country, and, by way 

 of Tati, back to Shoshong. Dr. Holub mas- 

 tered the most widely spoken languages, and 

 gathered information from the natives concern- 

 ing the whole region between the Zambesi and 

 lakes Bangweolo and Nyaasa. He reports that 

 the Mai'tangwe river, which is the "soul" of 

 Makalaka land, loses itself in a marshy plain, 

 that is entirely dry in winter. He says that 

 there exist seven different varieties of rhinoc- 

 eros in Africa, and asserts that he has found 

 four distinct varieties of the lion and three of 



the elephant. He made careful ethnographical 

 studies, and brought away many objects illus- 

 trating the customs of the people. The enthu- 

 siastic explorer has defrayed his expenses with 

 the earnings of his profession, that of a physi- 

 cian, which he practised in the intervals of his 

 expeditions in the diamond placers of South Af- 

 rica. 



The French in an expedition up the Ogowe, 

 tinder Count Savorgnan di Brazza, who was ac- 

 companied by Dr. Ballay and M. Marche, were 

 impeded in their journey up the river at first 

 through the hostility of the natives, the failure 

 of supplies, and the sickness of the members. 

 They succeeded in establishing amicable rela- 

 tions with most of the tribes, and thus unwill- 

 ingly brought upon themselves the enmity of 

 those hostile to their friends. The natives 

 zealously aided them in transporting their bag- 

 gage, except when retarded by the menaces of 

 their enemies or their own cupidity. They es- 

 tablished their first base of operations at Lope, 

 the quartermaster Hamon remaining to watch 

 over the stores. M. di Brazza set out alone at 

 the end of April, 1876, with his two Senegalese 

 attendants and a Pahuin interpreter. Ascend- 

 ing through the country of the warlike Ossyebae, 

 who attacked the expedition of Compiegne and 

 Marche, to the mouth of the Ivindo, he entered, 



