GRAY, HENRY P. 



GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



brigade in the second cavalry division of the 

 Guards, and on September 11, 1876, was cre- 

 ated lieutenant-general and commander of the 

 same division. Although this division did not 

 reach Bulgaria until September, he was on the 

 Danube as early as June, and, at the head of 

 an "advance corps," was ordered to advance 

 as rapidly and as far as possible, without re- 

 gard to the main army, and to alarm the whole 

 of the Empire. This mission he fulfilled in 

 the most successful manner. Leaving the 

 Danube on June 27, he was, ten days later, in 

 possession of Tirnova, and within another 

 week beyond the Balkans. The result of this 

 bold dash was thoroughly to alarm the whole 

 country; even Constantinople being consid- 

 ered in danger. After the arrival of Suleiman 

 Pasha, from Montenegro, however, General 

 Gourko was forced to retreat to the Shipka 

 Pass. He was then ordered to return to St. 

 Petersburg, to take command of his own divis- 

 ion, after having been previously created ad- 

 jutant-general. 



GRAY, HENRY PETERS, an American painter, 

 was born in New York, June 23, 1819, and 

 died there November 12, 1877. He entered the 

 studio of Daniel Huntington in 1838, and in 

 1839 went to Europe, where he painted his pict- 

 ures of " Thou Art Gone," the " Roman Girl," 

 the " Billet-Doux," etc. Returning to New 

 York in 1843, he executed a number of small 

 pictures of genre and history ; and, after an- 

 other absence abroad in 1845-'46, during which 

 he produced his "Teaching a Child to PVay," 

 " Proserpine and Bacchus," " Cupid Begging 

 His Arrows," etc., he settled in New York. 

 Among the most important of his works are 

 the "Wages of War," the "Apple of Discord," 

 " Hagar and the Angel," " Portia and Bassanio," 

 "Charity," " Genevieve," "Cleopatra," "St. 

 Christopher," "I Fiori di Fiesole," and the 

 " Origin of the American Flag." He also painted 

 several hundred portraits. From 1869 to 1871 

 he was President of the National Academy of 

 Design. In 1871 he went to Europe, and re- 

 mained there until the close of 1874. 



GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, a king- 

 dom of Western Europe. The Queen, Victoria, 

 was born May 24, 1819. She is a daughter of 

 Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, the fourth son 

 of George III. ; succeeded her uncle, William 

 IV., as Queen of Great Britain in 1837 ; married 

 in 1840 Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. 



Children of the Queen. 1. Princess Victo- 

 ria, born November 21, 1840 ; married to the 

 Crown-Prince of Germany. 2. Prince Albert 

 Edward, heir-apparent, born November 9, 1841 ; 

 married in 1863 to Princess Alexandra, daugh- 



ter of King Christian IX. of Denmark. Issue, 

 two sons and three daughters ; eldest son, Al- 

 bert Victor, born January 8, 1864. 3. Princess 

 Alice, born April 25, 1843 ; married in 1862 to 

 Louis IV., Grand-Duke of Hesse. 4. Prince 

 Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, born August 6, 

 1844; married in 1874 to the Grand-Duchess 

 Maria of Russia. He is heir-apparent to the 

 Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. 5. Princess Hel- 

 ena, born May 25, 1846 ; married in 1866 to 

 Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Son- 

 derburg-Augustenburg. 6. Princess Louise, 

 born March 18, 1848; married in 1871 to the 

 Marquis of Lome. 7. Prince Arthur, born 

 May 1, 1850. 8. Prince Leopold, born April 

 7, 1853. 9. Princess Beatrice, born April 14, 

 1857. 



The cabinet was composed as follows in 

 1876: First Lord of the Treasury, Right Hon. 

 Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield ; Lord 

 High-Chancellor, Right Hon. Lord Cairns ; 

 Lord President of the Council, Right Hon. 

 Duke of Richmond and Gordon ; Lord Privy 

 Seal, the first Lord of the Treasury ; Chancel- 

 lor of the Exchequer, Right Hon. Sir S. H. 

 Northcote, Bart., M. P. ; Secretaries of State : 



1. Home Department, Right Hon. R. A. Cross ; 



2. Foreign Affairs, Earl of Derby ; 3. Colonies, 

 Earl of Carnarvon; 4. War, Right Hon. G. 

 Hardy, M. P. ; 5. Colonies, Marquis of Salis- 

 bury. First Lord of the Admiralty, Right 

 Hon. W. H. Smith, M. P. Postmaster-General, 

 Right Hon. Lord John J. R. Manners, M. P. 



Parliament is composed of two Houses, the 

 House of Lords and the House of Commons. 

 The number of peers in 1877 was 494. Of these> 

 5 were peers of the royal blood, 2 archbishops, 

 21 dukes, 19 marquesses, 129 earls, 32 viscounts, 

 24 bishops, and 262 barons. Of the total num- 

 ber, 16 were representative peers of Scotland, 

 elected for the twenty-first Parliament, and 28 

 Irish representative peers, elected for life. The 

 Speaker of the House of Lords was Lord Cairns, 

 the Lord High-Chancellor, and the chairman of 

 committees Lord Redesdale. The Speaker of 

 the House of Commons was Henry Bouverie 

 William Brand, and the chairman of commit- 

 tees Henry Cecil Raikes. The members of the 

 House of Commons are elected by the people. 

 The number of electors on register in 1876 waa 

 2,340,763 in England and Wales, 295,420 in 

 Scotland, and 230,773 in Ireland. 



The following table gives the area and popu- 

 lation of the United Kingdom according to the 

 census of 1871, as well as the estimates of the 

 Registrar-General (who does not include the 

 islands in the British waters, nor the soldiers 

 and sailors abroad), for 1875, 1876, and 1877. 



