HUNGARY. 



IGNATIEFF, NICHOLAS P. 381 



policy hitherto pursued had resulted in the 

 fact that now no danger whatever threatened 

 the interests of the monarchy. He denied that 

 the Government had exercised neutrality in a 

 way unduly favorable to Russia, or that the 

 policy pursued by the Hungarian Government 

 was contrary to the opinion of the Hungarian 

 people. The Government's policy consisted 

 now, as formerly, in the protection of the in- 

 terests of the country, without war if possible, 

 but, at the same time, in protecting them in 

 every contingency ; also in seeing that nothing 

 took place in the East without the consent of 

 Austria- Hungary. If Servia broke peace, Aus- 

 tria-Hungary would not impede Turkey's action 

 against her. As regarded the three Emperors' 

 alliance, that alliance did not exist in the sense 

 that the three Emperors and three Powers had 

 entered into engagements with each other upon 

 the Eastern question, or upon other concrete 

 questions. The Emperors and their Govern- 

 ments had only agreed, in the interest of Eu- 

 ropean peace, to proceed in harmony, but not 

 in common on any question which might arise. 

 They had succeeded in this for several years, 

 and, even now, the fact that the war had not 

 become a European one was partly due to their 

 amicable relations. The three Emperors' alli- 

 ance might again be of service in maintaining 

 peace after the close of the present war. The 

 fact that one of the parties to the alliance had 

 entered upon war contrary to the views of the 

 two others, threw no responsibility upon those 

 others, particularly not on Austria. He denied 

 that the Government wished the dismember- 

 ment of Turkey. In answer to a question 

 relative to the Salzburg interview, M. Tisza 

 said that Austria's relations with Germany re- 

 mained very good, as they had been for a long 

 time. 



On October 16th, a member questioned the 

 Government in relation to its toleration of the 

 transport of war material destined for the Rus- 

 sian army, while, on the other hand, strong 

 measures had been taken respecting the re- 

 cent events in the Szekler districts. M. Tisza, 

 in reply, declared that, so far as was known, 

 no arms had been transported through Hun- 



gary, either for the Russians or the Turks. 

 The measures which the Government had taken 

 in the Szekler districts for the self-defense of 

 the state, must be respected by everybody. 

 The Minister for War proceeded to Transyl- 

 vania to furnish the Government with authen- 

 tic information regarding what had passed, 

 but nobody had been invested with special 

 powers, nor had any commissioners been ap- 

 pointed. In reply to another deputy, who 

 demanded the liberation of the persons ar- 

 rested for participation in the Szekler demon- 

 stration, M. Tisza declined to accede to this de- 

 mand, as such a proceeding would be contrary 

 to the laws. The House then resolved, by an 

 overwhelming majority, to take cognizance of 

 the minister's answer. 



A violent scene occurred in Pesth on the 

 evening of December 16th. In the afternoon 

 some 7,000 persons assembled, and speeches 

 of a highly inflammatory nature were made, 

 in which the policy of Count Andrassy was 

 bitterly denounced. A deputation was sent to 

 M. Tisza, and, upon his refusing to receive 

 more than ten or twelve persons, a portion of 

 the mob entered his house, while the crowd 

 outside broke the windows, and raised shouts 

 of " Down with Andrassy ! " and " Down with 

 Tisza! " It was not until the troops had been 

 called out, and threatened to charge upon the 

 assemblage, that it could be dispersed. On 

 the following day a member of the House 

 asked that an inquiry should be instituted into 

 the circumstances attending the demonstra- 

 tion. M. Tisza, in reply, stated that the Gov- 

 ernment could not suffer either the foreign or 

 home policy of Hungary to be determined by 

 street demonstrations. It was its duty to main- 

 tain confidence in Hungary, and he counted 

 upon the patriotism of every citizen to aid it 

 in this task. In conclusion, he declared that 

 proceedings would be taken with all due sever- 

 ity against the authors of the demonstration. 



Among recent works containing informa- 

 tion on Hungary are P. Hunfalvy's "Ethno- 

 graphie von Ungarn" (Buda-Pest, 1877), and 

 J. H. Schwicker's "Statistik des Konigreicha 

 Ungarn " (Stuttgart, 1876). 



IGNATIEFF, NICHOLAS PAULO VITCH, a Rus- 

 sian diplomatist, was born January 29, 1832. 

 He belongs to the numerous lower nobility, and 

 is descended from a family which has given to 

 Russia many high dignitaries. Aided by the 

 influence of his father and his other numer- 

 ous relatives, he advanced very rapidly. After 

 having finished his education in a military 

 academy, he was for three years captain of the 

 Hussars of the Guard, and then entered tho 

 general staff. In 1854 he was placed under 

 the command of Count Berg in the Baltic 

 provinces, where he remained during the entire 



Crimean War. Although he did not take an 

 active part in that war, and could, therefore, 

 not distinguish himself on the field of battle, 

 his advancement did not suffer. In 1856 he 

 rose to the rank of colonel, and as such he en- 

 tered the diplomatic service. He was appoint- 

 ed military attache to the "Russian embassy in 

 London ; and there, as well as in Paris, at the 

 conclusion of the treaty of peace, he showed, 

 for the first time, what an eminent talent for 

 his new career he possessed. By his energy 

 he saved for Russia several important stra- 

 tegical points during the adjustment of tho 



