IMMIGRATION. 



387 



Several new classes of immigrants have been 

 drawn to our country of late years, notably 

 the coolies from the southeastern provinces of 

 China; the Swedes, and other Scandinavians, 

 who seek the northwestern farming-lands ; the 

 Italians, chiefly from Naples and Calabria, who 

 are employed in bands in different parts of the 

 United States, for all manner of coarse labor ; 

 the Mennonite sect, from Russia, who have set- 

 tled in colonies in the West, to the number of 

 nearly 20,000, having brought enough capital 

 with them for the purchase of lands. The most 

 noteworthy of the nationalities of which the 

 ranks of the recent immigrants are composed 

 are given below, with the number of arrivals 

 in New York from each country for 8 months 

 of the year 1877, and for the 3 entire years 

 previous : 



Grouping the total numbers of immigrants for 

 5 years, 1871-'75, according to races, we find 

 that Anglo-Saxons (551,889) make 32.3 per cent, 

 of the total number (1,706,426) ; the German 

 peoples (548,389), over 32 per cent. ; the Irish 

 (295,179), 17.3 per cent. ; the Latin races 

 French, Italians, etc. (102,385), 6 per cent. ; 

 Scandinavians (119,688), 7 per cent. ; Slavs, 

 chiefly Mennonites (23,468), 1.4 per cent. ; 

 Chinese and other Mongolians (65,428), nearly 

 4 per cent. 



A noteworthy fact connected with recent 

 immigration is the diminution in the ratio of 

 the female to the male immigrants within the 

 last 4 years. The decrease in the percentage 

 of female arrivals, which is a symptom of the 

 hard times both here and abroad, is stated in 

 the following table : 



YEAR. Male per cnt. Female p*r cent. 



The classification of the total immigration 

 for 1876, according to ages, is given in the fol- 

 lowing table : 



The total immigrants of 1875-'76, classified 

 according to occupations, numbered, in the fol- 

 lowing general divisions, 2,182 males and 218 

 females who had learned professional and ar- 

 tistic callings; 23,015 males and 1,185 females 

 who were skilled in industrial trades ; 65,579 

 males and 6,696 females of various miscel- 

 laneous occupations, including, principally, 34,- 

 229 day-laborers, 13,964 farmers and farm- 

 laborers, 3,519 traders, and 5,554 female ser- 

 vants; and 20,669 males and 49,532 females 

 without occupations. 



In the first 6 months of 1877 the total num- 

 ber of immigrants was 69,997 ; of these, 10,- 

 577 were under 15 years of age, 51,658 from 

 15 to 40 years of age, and 7,762 above 40 years 

 of age. The total males were 47,975 : under 

 15 years old, 5,622; from 15 to 40, 37,288; 

 over 40, 5,065. The total females were 22,022 : 

 under 15, 4,955; 15 to 40, 14,370; above 40, 

 2,697. Of the total number of immigrants, 

 667 followed professional occupations. Among 

 the 291 artists of all kinds, there were 87 Ital- 

 ians, 71 Germans, 44 Norwegians, 20 French , 

 among 106 clergymen, were 20 English, 17 

 Irish, 15 French, 18 Germans. The engineers 

 numbered 10, the lawyers 15, medical men 

 63 English 12, Germans 8, French 8. The 

 scientists were 2. The teachers numbered 59 

 23 Germans, 15 French, 9 English. Of the 

 total professional immigrants, Germany fur- 

 nished 147, Italy 95, France 87, England 83. 

 The 9,951 immigrants who were skilled in 

 the different mechanical trades came mostly 

 from the following countries : Germany (2,006), 

 British America (1,882), England (1,443), 

 France (840), Ireland (686), Scotland (584), 

 Portugal (406), Norway (333), Austria (216), 

 Sweden (197), Italy (188), Australia (169), 

 Russia (168), Switzerland (163), Belgium (106). 



The proportions in which the principal trades 

 are represented among the skilled immigrants, 

 and the leading countries in each trade, are as 

 follows : Carpenters (total, 905) : from the 

 British Dominions (260), Germany (200), Eng- 

 land (136), Ireland (111). Miners (total, 759) : 

 from England (287), Norway and Sweden, 

 Russia, Ireland, Germany. Masons (total, 728): 

 from the British Provinces (310), Germany 

 (109), France (81), Norway, British Isles. 

 Mariners (total, 636) : from Portugal, British 

 Provinces, Germany. Clerks (total, 597): from 

 Germany (168), England (125), Ireland, Scot- 

 land, France. Blacksmiths (total. 478) : from 

 Germany (151), British America (188), England, 

 France. Tailors (total, 347) : from Germany 

 (99), England (48), France (29). Shoemakers 

 (total, 317) : from Germany (113), France (40). 

 Bakers (total, 284) : from Germany (128), Eng- 

 land (41). Butchers (total, 260): from Ger- 



