394 



INDIA. 



was decided to appeal for help. In Septem- 

 ber, the prospect began to grow brighter, as 

 rain commenced to fall at various places. 

 With the beginning of October, a general and 

 most favorable change set in over Northern 

 and Central India. Prom October 6th to 9th, 

 there was extensive rain, extending from Patna 

 and Nagpore in the south to Jhylum in the 

 north, and from Hurdui in Oude in the east 

 to Ajmir and Gujerat in the west. The rain- 

 fall ranged from two to ten inches everywhere, 

 and benefited ail the affected districts. Agri- 

 culture began to be active everywhere ; emi- 

 grants from the threatened districts were re- 

 turning home; prices of food began to be 

 lower, and the number of persons employed 

 on the relief works and furnished with gratui- 

 tous supplies was decreasing considerably. An 

 idea of the aid furnished by the Government 

 may be gathered from the fact that up to Au- 

 gust 25th the amount expended on the famine 

 relief work in the Madras Presidency, was 

 21,690,925 rupees (1 rupee = 46 cents); hi gra- 

 tuitous relief, 5,072,299 rupees: making a total 

 outlay of 26,663,224 rupees. The prospects 

 now continued to improve, and during the 

 month of October there was a decrease of 

 900,000 persons employed on the works. The 

 great saving thus effected had been unattended 

 by any suffering or loss of life. 



The difference between the Afridis and the 

 Indian Government was settled in March, by 

 the complete subjection of the former. (See 

 AFGHANISTAN.) In August fresh disturbances 

 occurred on the Punjaub frontier. The offend- 

 ers were Jowakis, a section of the Adam Khel 

 tribe of Afridis. They are a small and insig- 

 nificant clan, inhabiting the heights above the 

 Kohat Pass ; but their position gives them am- 

 ple opportunity for inflicting annoyance when 

 mischievously inclined. In August they made 

 a raid into British territory, cut the telegraph- 

 wires, and did other damage. When called 

 upon to make restitution, the chief sent an 

 insolent message, saying he would come into 

 Kohat and submit, provided all the fines pre- 

 viously imposed were remitted, and provided 

 the Government paid the value of all the cattle 

 lost by the tribe. This was, of course, re- 

 fused, and as the tribe continued its hostile 

 attitude, although unsupported by other Afri- 

 dis, a small force was sent from Kohat against 

 the raiders. The troops marched through the 

 Jowaki country, and on their appearance the 

 raiders fled without offering resistance, and 

 the force returned to Kohat. On November 

 9th, an expedition consisting of 2,100 infantry, 

 with six guns, and a small number of cavalry, 

 under the command of General Keyes, entered 

 the Jowaki territory in three columns. It met 

 with uninterrupted success, and on December 

 1st captured Jummu, the ehief^stronghold of 

 the Jowakis. Hostilities were suspended in 

 the latter part of December, although the 

 Jowakis still remained defiant. 



A meeting of the Convocation of the Cal- 



INDIANA. 



cutta University was held on March 10th. 

 Lord Lytton, for the first time, presided as 

 Chancellor. He made a long address to the stu- 

 dents, in the course of which he alluded to a 

 fuller opening of Government employment to 

 the natives. He said that, although it was ren- 

 dered necessary by circumstances that certain 

 posts must always be filled by Europeans, there 

 were still many other posts no less dignified 

 and lucrative, which the Government was 

 pledged and determined to throw open to 

 natives. At the same time he advised the stu- 

 dents not to look solely to the Government for 

 employment, as their countrymen were too 

 apt to do, but to turn their thoughts and ener- 

 gies also to the various professions. At the 

 same meeting, Vice - Chancellor Hobhouse 

 stated that this year, for the first time, a na- 

 tive lady, a Christian, had applied to be ad- 

 mitted to the university examinations. 



The Mohammedans of India showed con- 

 siderable sympathy with the Turks. Subscrip- 

 tions were opened in the largest towns, and 

 large amounts were subscribed. Pamphlets 

 and proclamations, coming chiefly from Mecca, 

 were largely circulated. The object of them 

 all is the union of Islam against Russia. 



On February 15th, the Commissioner for 

 Oude resigned his post, and Oude was united 

 with the Northwest Provinces. The measure 

 was decidedly unpopular in Oude, and the 

 people of that province showed great unanim- 

 ity and perseverance in praying for its recon- 

 sideration. 



INDIANA. The 50th regular session of the 

 Indiana Legislature, which began on January 

 3d, came to a close on March 5th. Out of 

 982 bills introduced, only 99 were passed. 

 The general appropriation bill having failed of 

 passage, a special session was called, which con- 

 tinued from the 6th to the 15th of March. 





STATE SEAL OF INDIANA. 



There was very little legislation of general inter- 

 est or importance. The tax-levy was 12 cents 

 on each $100 of taxable property, and a poll-tax 

 of 50 cents. An act was passed providing for 

 the construction of a new State House, for 



