LITERATURE, ENGLISH. 



LOUISIANA. 



455 



Epictetus, translated, with Life, Notes, and a 

 View of his Philosophy," by George Long ; 

 44 Idiocy and Imbecility," by William W. Ire- 

 land, M. D. ; "A Fern World," by Francis 

 George Heath ; and " Some Articles on the 

 Depreciation of Silver," by tbe late Walter 

 Bagehot. 



A few books on ART deserve notice : a sump- 

 tuous work on " The Ceramic Art of Japan," 

 by Audsley and Bowers, publishing in parts ; 

 " Drawings of the Italian Masters," reproduced 

 by autotype process from originals in the Brit- 

 ish Museum, and notes by J. Comyn Carr; 

 "Numismata Gromwelliana, the Medallic His- 

 tory of Oliver Cromwell," by William Henry 

 Henfrey ; and "History and Distinguishing 

 Characteristics of Precious Stones and Gems," 

 by Edwin W. Streeter. In the kindred de- 

 partment of literary and dramatic criticisms 

 an important work is "The School of Shake- 

 speare," by Richard Simpson ; also " Studies 

 in the Idylls," an elaborate criticism of Tenny- 

 son's great work ; and "Essays and Reviews," 

 by the late Henry H. Lancaster. 



Of POETRY William Morris has given us a 

 volume ; among secondary poets, Aubrey De 

 Vere, the Earl of Southesk, Francis Bennoch, 

 Ernest Myers, and others, might be named. 

 The Marquis of Lorn has tried his hand, with 

 no marked success, at versifying the Psalms. 

 The poets that survive, whose names are house- 

 hold words, are veterans, and the younger 

 men who shall be worthy to succeed them. 

 The same may be said of prose fiction. There 

 are a number of clever, some even brilliant 

 writers; but among the novels of 1877, which 

 are likely to have readers in 1887? 



CLASSICAL LITERATURE and ANTIQUITIES have 

 always been cultivated with enthusiasm in 

 England, enthusiasm not visibly diminished. 

 44 The Roman Poets of the Augustan Age," by 

 Prof. W. T. Sellar ; " The Similes of Homer's 

 Iliad, translated with Introductions and Notes," 

 by W. E. Greene, and some excellent trans- 

 lations of Greek and Latin authors, uphold the 

 repute of the English schools for critical learn- 

 ing. Results of successful investigation ap- 

 pear in such works as " The Roman Forum, 

 a Topographical Study," by Francis Morgan 

 Nichols; 4t University Life in Ancient Athens," 

 by W. W. Capes; "Monotheism, the Primitive 

 Religion of the City of Rome," by H. Formby ; 

 " Systematic and Historical Exposition of the 

 Roman Law," by William A. Hunter ; 44 Exca- 

 vations at Carnac, Brittany," by James Miln, 

 and " Egyptian Texts," by Dr. S. Birch, in a 

 series of " Archaic Classics." 



Among numerous publications of a miscella- 

 neous sort may be mentioned a fac-simile edi- 

 tion of " Paradise Lost," edited by Prof. Mas- 

 son; Bailey's translation of "The Colloquies 

 of Erasmus;" 44 Waifs and Strays from the' 

 Far East," by F. H. Balfour ; " The Scottish 

 Gael ; or, Celtic Manners," etc., by James Lo- 

 gan; " The New Republic; or, Culture, Faith, 

 and Philosophy in a Country House." Numer- 



ous publications have been called out by the 

 Eastern Question : " The Ottoman Power in 

 Europe," by E. A. Freeman, D. C. L. ; 4l A 

 Lecture on the Treaty Relations of Russia and 

 Turkey from 1774 to 1853," by T. E. Holland, 

 D. C. L. ; " Turks and Greeks Notes on a Re- 

 cent Excursion," by the Hon. Dudley Camp- 

 bell; " Russian Wars with Turkey," by Major 

 Frank S. Russell; "Twelve Years' Study of 

 the Eastern Question, in Bulgaria," by S. St. 

 Clair and C. Brophy ; and Sir George Camp- 

 bell's " Handy Book on the Eastern Ques- 

 tion." 



LORIS-MELIKOFF, MICHAEL TARIELO- 

 VITCII, a Russian general, was born January 1, 

 1826. He is descended from a rich family be- 

 longing to the Caucasian nobility. Having 

 finished his education in the School of the 

 Guards in St. Petersburg, he entered the army 

 with the rank of cornet. In 1847 he was 

 raised to the rank of lieutenant, and was sent 

 to the Caucasus, where he served as adjutant 

 to Prince Voronzoff, whose favor he soon 

 gained by his excellent military talents. In the 

 numerous expeditions against the natives he 

 took a prominent part, and even defeated the 

 redoubtable Shamyl. In the war of 1854-'55 

 he played a prominent part in the siege of 

 Ears, defeating the enemy on several occasions 

 in view of the fortress. After the surrender 

 of Kars he was appointed its governor; and 

 upon the conclusion of peace, in 1856, he was 

 created a major-general. In 1863 he rose to 

 the rank of lieutenant-general, and took part 

 for a short time in the operations against the 

 Polish insurgents, was appointed adjutant- 

 general in 1865, and general of the cavalry in 

 1875. In 1876 he received the command of 

 the corps stationed on the Turkish border, and 

 crossed with this corps into Turkish territory 

 upon the declaration of war. He proceeded 

 to besiege Kars, and although forced to retire 

 at one time, he soon recruited his strength, 

 and, after completely defeating the Turkish 

 army before Kars, took that fortress by storm 

 in November. 



LOUISIANA. During the first three month* 

 of the year, the two governments claiming to 

 have a legal basis in Louisiana continued nomi- 

 nally to exist. Direct conflict was avoided, 

 owing to the presence of United States military 

 forces, with orders to preserve the peace, and 

 a disposition to await the action of the na- 

 tional authorities regarding disputed questions 

 affecting the State. But it soon became evident 

 that the government headed by Mr. Nicholls 

 alone had support from the people. A large 

 number of the leading business men and cler- 

 gymen of New Orleans joined in declarations 

 of sympathy and support, and numerous popu- 

 lar gatherings, in various parts of the State, 

 gave voice to the general sentiment. On the 

 9th of January, the courts, police-stations, and 

 arsenal in New Orleans were peaceably sur- 

 rendered to the Nicholls authorities. The same 

 day the following proclamation was issued: 



