McCLOSKEY, JOHN. 



MoCRARY, GEORGE W. 493 



town. General Lee, almost simultaneously, 

 moved from Richmond to threaten General 

 Pope, who had been placed in command of the 

 Union forces in Northern Virginia. The result 

 was the defeat of Pope at Bull Run, August 

 29th and 30th. Pope, at his own request, was 

 relieved from the command of the forces at 

 and about Washington, which waa conferred 

 upon McClellan. The Confederates then un- 

 dertook the invasion of Maryland, which was 

 brought to a close by the battle of Antietam, 

 September 16th and 17th. They then crossed 

 the Potomac, and fell leisurely back toward 

 the Rapidan. Great dissatisfaction was felt at 

 the slowness with which McClellan followed 

 them, and on November 7th, when he appeared 

 to be making preparations for an attack in 

 force, he was superseded in command by Gen- 

 eral Burnside. McClellan was directed to pro- 

 ceed to Trenton, N. J., there to await future 

 orders, and took no further part in the war. 

 (See ANNUAL CYCLOPAEDIA, 1861 and 1862.) 



The Democratic National Convention, held 

 in Chicago in 1864, nominated him for the 

 Presidency. He received only the 21 electoral 

 votes of Delaware, Kentucky, and New Jersey, 

 the remaining 212 electoral votes admitted be- 

 ing cast for Abraham Lincoln. Of the popular 

 vote 2,223,035 were cast for Lincoln and 1,811,- 

 754 for McClellan. The latter resigned his 

 commission in the army on the day of the elec- 

 tion, November 8, 1864, took up his residence 

 in New York, and afterward went to Europe. 

 In 1868 he returned and took up his residence 

 near Orange, N. J., and engaged in practice as 

 an engineer. By the will of Mr. Edwin A. 

 Stevens, he was placed in charge of the Ste- 

 vens floating battery which had for a number 

 of years been in course of construction at Ho- 

 boken. He was also made superintendent of 

 the construction of the railroad bridge over the 

 Hudson River near Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and 

 superintendent of docks and piers in the city of 

 New York, but resigned the latter office in 1872. 



General McClellan has translated from the 

 French "A Manual of Bayonet Exercises," 

 adopted for the use of the United States Army 

 (1852), and written a volume of the Govern- 

 ment reports of the Pacific Railroad Surveys 

 (1854) ; a volume of the reports of the Euro- 

 pean Commission, " The Armies of Europe," 

 etc., printed by order of Congress (1861), and 

 " Report on the Organization and Campaigns 

 of the Army of the Potomac " (1364). 



MoCLOSKEY, JOHN, an American cardi- 

 nal, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., March 20, 1810. 

 He graduated at Mount St. Mary's College, 

 Emmetsburg, Md., and studied theology in the 

 seminary there. Having been raised to the 

 order of priest, January 9, 1834, he was sent to 

 Rome, studied for two years in the Roman Col- 

 lege, spent another year in France, and on his 

 return was appointed assistant priest of St. Jo- 

 seph's Church, in New York, and six months 

 after became priest of the parish. In 1841 

 Bishop Hughes nominated him first president 



of St. John's College, Fordhara, but in 1842 he 

 resumed the charge of St. Joseph's. At the 

 solicitation of Bishop Hughes, he was appoint- 

 ed his coadjutor, November 21, 1848, with the 

 title of Bishop of Auxerre, and was consecrated 

 March 10, 1844. In the division of the dio- 

 cese of New York which took place in 1847, 

 Bishop McCloskey was nominated first Bishop 

 of Albany, May 21st. His zeal, eloquence, and 

 popularity obtained him the means of building 

 churches in every city and town, and of creat- 

 ing institutions of charity and education. He 

 introduced into his diocese the Sisters of the 

 Sacred Heart, the Sisters of Charity, the Sisters 

 of Mercy, the Gray Sisters, Hospitalers from 

 Montreal, the Sisters of St. Joseph, and those 

 of the third Order of St. Francis ; also the Jes- 

 uits, Oblates, Augustinians, Franciscans, and 

 Capuchins. He began and completed the ca- 

 thedral of Albany, devoting to it a large part 

 of his own income. During his last years in 

 that city, he purchased extensive buildings in 

 Troy, destined to be used for a general theo- 

 logical seminary for the dioceses forming the 

 ecclesiastical provinces of New York, and ob- 

 tained for it from the University of Lonvain a 

 staff of trained professors. After the death of 

 Archbishop Hughes he was appointed to the 

 See of New York, May 6, 1864, and took pos- 

 session of it August 21st. Besides a large num- 

 ber of spacious churches built in the city and 

 elsewhere, the archbishop has established a 

 foundling asylum in Sixty-eighth Street, an 

 asylum for female deaf mutes at Fordham, 

 homes for destitute children and young girls 

 attached to St. Stephen's and St Ann's 

 Churches, homes for aged men and women, 

 and new orphan asylums outside of New York 

 City. To direct these institutions and to coOp- 

 erate with the secular clergy, he has estab- 

 lished communities of Dominicans, Francis- 

 cans, Capuchins, " Little Sisters of the Poor," 

 and German Franciscan Sisters for the Ger- 

 man hospital. He has also labored strenuous- 

 ly to complete the new cathedral begun by his 

 predecessor, for which he has given $10,000 

 from his own private purse, and to procure 

 materials for which he visited Rome in 1874. 



On March 15, 1875, Archbishop MoGloskey 

 was made a Cardinal of the Order of Priests, 

 he being the first American cardinal ever ap- 

 pointed. On the death of the Pope, in Febru- 

 ary, 1878, he was summoned to Rome to attend 

 the conclave of cardinals for the election of a 

 successor of Pius IX. 



MoORARY, GKOROK W., Secretary of War, 

 was born at Evansville, Ind., in 1885, and the 

 next year went with his parents to Wisconsin 

 Territory. After receiving a common-school 

 education, he was admitted to the bar in 1856, 

 and began practice at Keokuk, Iowa. He at 

 once took a prominent position in that city, 

 and in 1857 was elected to the State Legisla- 

 ture. From 1861 to 1865 ho was a member of 

 the State Senate, and took an active part in the 

 legislation of that period. He returned the 



