514 MICHAEL, GRAND-DUKE. 



MICHIGAN. 



make a special and minute study of affairs on 

 the border, and report such measures as might 

 be deemed expedient for the effectual sup- 

 pression of raids. 



By the end of July, party spirit had almost en- 

 tirely subsided, the only portion of the Republic 

 not having yet fully recognized the authority 

 of General Diaz being a part of the State of 

 Guerrero, where General Alvarez, the former 

 governor, had risen against the military gov- 



ernor sent by Diaz, and driven him from the 

 State. Peace was, however, shortly afterward 

 restored, and Alvarez submitted on condition 

 of the appointment of a new military governor 

 to hold office until the elections should be 

 held ; and these took place, as usual in Mexico, 

 without disturbance. Popular elections are 

 there rarely participated in by more than an 

 insignificant minority of the legal voters. 

 The government of General Diaz had, up to 



VEBA CEUZ. 



the month of August, been officially recognized 

 by those of Germany, Guatemala, San Salva- 

 dor, and Italy ; and the American residents 

 were said to be most anxious for the recog- 

 nition by the Washington Government, as from 

 the suspense considerable advantage accrued 

 to Europeans. 



MICHAEL, GEAND-DTJKE, the commander 

 of the Russian army of the Caucasus, is the 

 youngest brother of the Czar, and was born 

 October 25, 1832. He received a military edu- 

 cation similar to that of his brothers, and, like 

 them, has long been invested with the highest 

 military dignities. He is General of the Ar- 

 tillery, Quartermaster-General, and Imperial 

 Adjutant-General. In 1873 he was appointed 

 Governor-General of the Caucasus, and, as 

 such, is responsible to none but the Emperor 

 himself. As Governor-General he is also com- 

 mander-in-chief of the troops stationed in the 

 Caucasus, and was, as such, the nominal com- 

 mander of the forces operating against Turkey 

 in Asia. Having been married, in 1857, to Prin- 

 cess Cacilie of Baden, he made his residence 

 at Tiflis, impressed upon that city the character 

 of European civilization, and took a special in- 

 terest in promoting civilization in the Asiatic 

 dominions of Russia. 



MICHIGAN. The biennial session of the 

 Legislature convened January 3d, and contin- 



ued until May 27th. Number of general acts 

 passed, 207 ; local acts, 364 ; joint resolutions, 

 49. Among the latter were two for submit- 

 ting to the people proposed amendments to 

 the constitution. The first of these proposed 

 to give to the Supreme Court the appointment 

 of its own clerk. He is now elected by popu- 

 lar vote in the county in which the capital is 

 situated. The second proposes to strike from 

 the constitution the following: "The stock- 

 holders of all corporations and joint stock as- 

 sociations shall be individually liable for all 

 labor performed for such corporation or associ- 

 ation," and substitute, "The stockholders in 

 all corporations and joint stock associations 

 shall be individually liable in an amount equal 

 to the par value of their respective shares 

 which they own or have owned in such cor- 

 porations or associations for all labor done in 

 behalf of such corporation or joint stock as- 

 sociation during the time of their being such 

 stockholders." The proposed amendments are 

 to be voted upon at the April election, 1878. 

 Among the public acts was a very stringent 

 one to prevent and punish cruelty to animals, 

 also acts to preserve the purity of elections. 

 One of these requires the ballot deposited by 

 every person challenged as an unqualified voter 

 to be numbered by the inspectors, so as to be 

 capable of identification in case of a contest, 



