533 



MONTENEGRO. 



MORAVIANS. 



producing 3,145,000 feet of lumber. The gold 

 yield of Montana is thus stated by W. A. Clark 

 in an address delivered at the Centennial Ex- 

 hibition : 



Forl862 $600,000 



" 1863 8,000,000 



" 1864 16,000,000 



1865 18,000,000 



" 1866 17,500,000 



" 186T 16,300.000 



" 1868 15,000,000 



1869 11,200,000 



" 1870 9,000.000 



" 1871 8,000.000 



" 1872 7,000.000 



" 1878 5,200,000 



1874 4,000,000 



" 1875 4,100,000 



" 1876 4,500,000 



At the election in November, 1876, Martin 

 Maginnis, Democrat, was elected over E. D. 

 Leavitt, Republican, by a vote of 3,827 to 

 2,980. 



MONTENEGRO, a country of Southeastern 

 Europe : reigning Prince, Nicholas I. (see NICH- 

 OLAS I.), born October 7, 1841, declared Prince 

 on August 14, 1860, upon the death of Prince 

 Danilo I. ; married, in 1860, to Milena, daughter 

 of Petar Vukotitch. Issue of this marriage are 

 one son, Danilo Alexander, born June 30, 1871, 

 and six daughters. According to the official 

 account, the country has an area of 1,614 square 

 miles, and a population of 196,329 ; according 

 to Goptchevitch the area is 1,666 square miles, 

 and the population 170,000. The entire popu- 

 lation, with the exception of about 22,000 Ro- 

 man Catholics, belongs to the Orthodox Greek 

 Church. The number of Montenegrins living 

 abroad amounts to about 2,000. They are 

 chiefly in Austria, Russia, and Turkey. There 

 are also small Montenegrin colonies in Alexan- 

 dria, Egypt, and in San Francisco. The largest 

 cities are the capital, Cettigne, with 1,400 in- 

 habitants; Njegos, with 4, 000; and Danilograd, 

 with 2,000 inhabitants. 



Nothing official is known of the finances of 

 the country, and its condition can only be ap- 

 proximately estimated. The Prince has an in- 

 come of 3,000 ducats, to which are added a 

 Russian subvention of 80,000 rubles, and an 

 Austrian of from 20,000 to 30,000 florins. The 

 revenue of the country amounts to about 800,- 

 000 florins, of which 100,000 are indirect taxes, 

 20,000 are receipts from the convents, 15,000 

 from the salt monopoly, 5,000 fines, and 160,000 

 subventions. The expenditures are estimated 

 at 130,000 florins, of which 35,000 are for the 

 civil list, 14,500 for the chiefs of the tribes, 

 6,600 for the Senate, 42,000 for education, and 

 31,900 for miscellaneous expenditures. In 

 1876 Montenegro contracted a debt of about 

 400,000 francs in Russia. There is no stand- 

 ing army, but every Montenegrin is liable to 

 military service in one of the three classes 

 which form the army, and which comprise the 

 entire male population. The first class includes 

 all men between the ages of 17 and 48, and 

 numbers about 17,000. The second class com- 

 prises all others between the ages of 14 and 60, 



and has about 8,000 men ; while the third class, 

 including all others from 12 years of age up- 

 ward, is about 5,000 strong. As every boy 

 carries arms from his tenth year, 3,000 boys 

 can be added in an emergency. The exports 

 are estimated at 2,000,000 florins. The Post- 

 Office is in charge of the Austrian Government, 

 which has a director in Cettigne. There are 

 114 kilometres of telegraph, besides 60 kilome- 

 tres of field telegraph. 



The state of education is still very low as 

 compared with the other countries of Europe, 

 but great progress has been made during the 

 reign of Prince Nicholas. The first schools 

 were established by Danilo I., who ruled from 

 1852 to 1860. But even he did not open more 

 than three. His successor, however, Prince 

 Nicholas, completely reconstructed the school 

 system of Montenegro, and at present there are 

 71 public schools, one higher school for girls, 

 and one teachers' seminary. School-attend- 

 ance is compulsory for both boys and girls, and 

 books and all other school material are fur- 

 nished by the Government. The schools are 

 attended by 3,000 boys and 300 girls, and cost 

 annually about 22,000 florins, which sum is 

 taken from the income of the convents. Be- 

 sides the above, there is also an agricultural 

 school in Danilograd. 



For an account of the war with Turkey, see 



MORAVIANS. The statistics of the Ameri- 

 can Province of the Moravian Church, as pub- 

 lished at the beginning of 1877, show the 

 following totals : For the Northern Province 

 number of churches, 64 ; of communicants, 

 8,025; of non-communicants over 13 years of 

 age, 1,349; of children, 4,770 ; total number of 

 persons connected with the Church, 14,144; 

 number of Sunday-school scholars, 6,372; of, 

 officers and teachers in Sunday-schools, 837; 

 number of ministers, 63. For the Southern 

 Province number of churches, 11, besides 

 3 mission Sunday-schools; number of com- 

 municants, 1,187 ; of non-communicants over 

 13 years of age, 208; of children, 541; total 

 number connected with the Church, 1,936: 

 number of Sunday-school scholars, 674; of 

 officers and teachers of Sunday-schools, 106 ; 

 of ministers, 7. Total for the Province num- 

 ber of churches, 75, and 3 mission schools ; of 

 communicants, 9,212 ; of non-communicants 

 over 13 years of age, 1,557; of children 5,311 ; 

 total number connected with the Church, 16,- 

 080; number of Sunday-school scholars, 7,046; 

 officers and teachers in Sunday-schools, 943 ; of 

 ministers, 70. A table of condensed statistics of 

 the communicant membership of the Northern 

 Province of the Church, from 1861 to 1876, 

 shows that, during the period of 15 years, the 

 number of the churches in that Province has 

 increased from 36 to the present number, 64 ; 

 and the number of communicants, from 4,679 

 to the present number of 8,025. In 1861 the 

 Province included, according to a note np- 

 pended to the table, 22 churches entitled to lay 



