536 



NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



recalled in order to replace Dervish Pasha as 

 Governor-General of Bosnia and the Herzego- 

 vina, as the latter had signally failed in his 

 efforts to quell the insurrection. Although at 

 first successful, his defeat in the Duja Pass con- 

 siderably lessened Ids military reputation. In 

 1876 he was equally unsuccessful against the 

 Montenegrins. Upon the outbreak of the war 



with Kussia, Eedif Pasha had been originally 

 intended for the Asiatic command, but, fearing 

 that his departure from the capital would en- 

 tail a loss of power, he brought about Mukhtar 

 Pasha's appointment. In Asia, he was, on the 

 whole, signally unsuccessful, although for a 

 time the Russians were forced to retreat. (See 

 TUBKEY.) 



N 



NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES. Ac- 

 cording to the report of Secretary Thompson, 

 dated November 30, 1877, the navy consists of 

 67 steam and 23 sailing vessels, 23 iron-clads, 

 2 torpedo, 1 ferry, and 26 tug boats. The for- 

 eign and ocean service is performed by six 

 squadrons, commanded as follows : European, 

 by Rear- Admiral William E. Le Roy, flagship 

 Trenton; Asiatic, by Rear-Admiral Thomas 

 H. Patterson, flagship Tennessee (ordered home 

 and to be superseded by the Monongahela) ; 

 North Atlantic, by Rear- Admiral Stephen D. 

 Trenchard, flagship Powhatan ; South Atlantic, 

 by Commodore E. T. Nichols, flagship Hart- 

 ford ; North Pacific, by Rear- Admiral Alexan- 

 der Murray, flagship Pensacola ; and South Pa- 

 cific, by Rear- Admiral George H. Preble. 



The active list, of the navy is composed of 

 829 officers of the line, 594 officers of the staff, 

 and 249 warrant-officers. The retired list 

 comprises 135 officers of the line, 103 officers 

 of the staff, 27 warrant-officers, and 4 profess- 

 ors of mathematics. There were in the ser- 

 vice on November 24, 1877, 7,012 enlisted men 

 and boys. 



The active list of the navy is composed of 1 

 admiral, 1 vice-admiral, 11 rear-admirals, one 

 of whom, Rear-Admiral John Rodgers, is re- 

 tained on the list, in addition to the 10 allowed 

 by law, by reason of having received the thanks 

 of Congress for gallantry ; 25 commodores, 50 

 captains, 90 commanders, 80 lieutenant-com- 

 manders, 280 lieutenants, 100 masters, 71 en- 

 signs, 77 midshipmen, 43 cadet-midshipmen, 

 and 213 cadet-midshipmen on probation at the 

 Naval Academy, all of whom are officers of 

 the line. 



The retired list includes, among others, 41 

 rear-admirals, 26 commodore:', 15 captains, 13 

 commanders, 14 lieutenant-commanders, 6 lieu- 

 tenants, 13 masters, and 5 ensigns. 



The amount of appropriations applicable to 

 the current expenses for the fiscal year ending 

 June 30, 1877, was $14,488,974. The expen- 

 ditures for that period amounted to $16,077,- 

 974. In addition to this there is an aggregate 

 indebtedness, amounting to $7,083,503, out- 

 standing against the bureau of steam-engineer- 

 ing, the bureau of construction and repair, and 

 the bureau of provisions and clothing. Of the 

 above sum $3,600,263 was incurred on con- 

 tracts conditional on appropriations being made 

 for their payment by Congress. 



The following is a statement of the number 

 and yearly amount of pensions on the rolls 

 June 30, 1877, and the amount which was paid 

 during the fiscal year : 



The estimates for the present fiscal year are 

 as follows : 



Pay of the navy $7,850,000 



Pay of civil establishment in navy -yards 239,785 



Ordnance and torpedo corps 638.386 



Coal, hemp, and equipment 1,000.000 



Navigation and navigation supplies 126,000 



Hydrographic work 60,000 



Naval Observatory, Nautical Almanac, etc 61,000 



Eepairs and preservation of vessels 2,250.000 



Steam-machinery, tools, etc 1,000,000 



Provisions and clothing, and small stores 1 ,380.660 



Repairs of hospitals and laboratories 51,200 



Surgeons' necessaries and naval-hospital funds . . . 148.000 



Contingent expenses of department and bureaus . 279,000 



Naval Academy ]9. ) ,444 



Support of Marine Corps 871,970 



Naval Asylum, Philadelphia, Pa 64.434 



Maintenance of yards and docks 574,605 



$16,283,234 



To which may be added amount estimated and 

 submitted for new buildings, repairs, and im- 

 provements for navy-yards and stations 2,814,281 



Total $18,547,465 



The long list of casualties during the late 

 war, as well as many failures, have stimulated 

 invention in devising improved methods of 

 attack and defense. In 1869 a torpedo-school 

 was established at Newport, R. I., and upward 

 of 170 officers, of all grades from captain to 

 ensign, have attended the practical exercises 

 and instruction in chemistry and electricity. 

 A complete course of the chemistry of explo- 

 sives, and of electricity as applied to signaling 

 and lighting, and to exploding subaqueous 

 mines by contact, automatically, or at the will of 

 the operator, has been established. The ex- 

 perience of the war and suggestions of nu- 

 merous officers have been embodied, and the 

 subject is well advanced, so far as defense is 

 concerned, either of ships from attack or of 

 harbors or passes. The importance of these 

 experiments is demonstrated by the fact that 



