OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



595 



the same capacity to Giessen, and in 1852 to 

 Berlin, where he was also appointed director 

 of the botanical garden. His most important 

 work is u Betrachtungen uber die Erschei- 

 nung der Verjungung in der Natur, insbeson- 

 dere in der Lebens- und Bildungsgeschichte 

 der Pflanze " (1851), which has done much to 

 promote the knowledge of the lower crypto- 

 gams. Among his later works are, " Beitrag 

 zurKenntniss der Gattung Selaginella" (1865), 

 " Die Characeen Afrikas " (1867), and " Neuere 

 Untersuchungen uber die Gattungen Marsilia 

 und Pilularia " (1870). In 1876 he contributed 

 a chapter on the " Characeen Schlesiens " to 

 the " Kryptogamen-Flora von Schlesien," by 

 Prof. Ferd. Cohn. 



BRION, GUSTAVE, a French genre painter, 

 born October 24, 1824 ; died November 6, 1877. 

 He was a pupil of M. G. Guerin, and painted 

 almost exclusively country scenes from Alsace. 

 He exhibited in the Paris Salons for over 20 

 years, and, in 1863, received a medal of the 

 first class, and was decorated with the Legion 

 of Honor. Among his best paintings are his 

 two funerals, the one in the Vosges Mountains 

 on sleighs, and the other on the Rhine in boats. 



BROOKHATTS, HERMANN, a German scholar, 

 born January 28, 1806: died January 5, 1877. 

 He was the last surviving son of Friedrich 

 Arnold Brockhaus, the founder of the great 

 German publishing house of that name. He 

 studied Oriental and, principally, Indian liter- 

 ature in the Universities of Leipsic, Gottingen, 

 and Bonn, and also attended for some time the 

 Universities of Copenhagen, Paris, London, and 

 Oxford. In 1839 he received an appointment 

 in the University of Jena, and in 1841 went to 

 Leipsic, as Professor of the Language and Lit- 

 erature of Ancient India. He published tl Pra- 

 bodha chandrodaya," by Krishna Hisra (1835) ; 

 " Katha-sarit-sagara," a collection of tales, by 

 Somadeva Batta (Sanskrit and German, 1839) ; 

 the " Vendidad-Sade " (1850), and "Die Lieder 

 des Hafis" (1855). Since 1853 he edited the 

 Journal of the German Oriental Society, and 

 since 1856 the " Allgemeine Encyclopadie " of 

 Ersch and Gruber. 



BROMLEY, VALENTINE WALTER, a British nr- 

 tist, born February 14, 1848 ; died in the first 

 week of May, 1877. At the age of nineteen ho 

 was elected an Associate of the Institute of 

 Painters in Water Colors, and shortly after- 

 ward became also an Associate of the Society 

 of British Artists. His painting, "The Big 

 Chiefs Toilet," in the Crystal Palace Exhibi- 

 tion of 1877, carried off the gold medal. 



BRUHL, MORITZ, a German writer, born in 

 1819 ; died January 13, 1877. He spent some 

 time in England as reporter for a London 

 journal, and after his return to Germany was 

 employed on various newspapers. Being by 

 birth a Jew, he afterward joined the Roman 

 Catholic Church. He was the author of a 

 considerable number of works, among them 

 "Walter Scott und seine Freunde" (5 vols., 

 1841), and " Irlands Zustande in alter and neuer 



Zeit " (1845). His most important work was a 

 German edition of Cantus's " General History." 



BULOZ, FRANCOIS, a French journalist, born 

 near Geneva, in 1803 ; died in Paris, Januarv 

 12, 1877. In 1831 he founded the Revue dts 

 Deux Monties, and soon made it one of the 

 leading reviews of Europe. Personally with- 

 out any considerable literary capacity, he pos- 

 sessed a sharp eye for the talent of others, as 

 well as the capacity to secure it for himself 

 and the Revue at the lowest possible price. 

 His parsimony was proverbial, it being well 

 known throughout Paris that he would never 

 pay for the first contribution of a new writer, 

 no matter how valuable. For more than 30 

 years, the most talented writers of France put 

 up patiently with his eccentricities; for the 

 Revue had in this time become, from a popular 

 geographical magazine, for which it had been 

 originally designed, the most widely circulated, 

 most learned, and best known periodical col- 

 lection of literary labors of all kinds. Only 

 in recent times has a change in this respect 

 become perceptible. Some of the younger 

 writers have begun to oppose the tyranny of 

 the fievue, and many rival publications have 

 thus been established. 



CABALLERO, FERNAN, a celebrated Spanish 

 authoress, died April 7, 1877. (The announce- 

 ment of her death in 1876 was premature.) 

 Speaking of a visit to her in Seville, Lady Her- 

 bert says : " Her tenderness toward animals, 

 unfortunately a rare virtue in Spain, is one of 

 her marked characteristics. She has lately been 

 trying to establish a society in Seville for the 

 prevention of cruelty to animals, after the model 

 of the London one, and often told one of our 

 party that she never left her home without 

 praying that she might not see or hear any ill- 

 usage to God's creatures. Her playfulness and 

 wit, always tempered by a kind tboughtfulness 

 for the feelings of others, and her agreeable- 

 ness in conversation, seem only to have in- 

 creased with lengthened experience of people 

 and things. Nothing was pleasanter than to 

 sit in the corner of her little drawing-room 

 and hear her pour out anecdote after anecdote 

 of Spanish life and Spanish peculiarities, es- 

 pecially among the poor." 



CANARIS, CONSTANTINR, a Greek naval officer 

 and statesman, born about 1785 ; died Septem- 

 ber 16, 1877. He was captain of a small mer- 

 chant vessel at the outbreak of the Greek war 

 of independence. He took an active part in 

 this struggle and greatly distinguished himself 

 by his bravery. Under King Otho, and after- 

 ward under King George, he was on various 

 occasions Minister of the Navy, and nlso several 

 times prime minister. Belonging to the oppo- 

 sition, he refused in 1861 the title of vice-ad- 

 miral and a pension of 12.000 frnnrs granted 

 him by the Chambers. In 18fi. r . he retired 

 from public life, definitely n he thought, lnt 

 in 1877 he was again called upon to form a new 

 ministry. (See GREECE.) 



CANTERBURY, JOHN HENBY THOMAS MAN-NEBS 



