OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



599 



(1870). He was a member of the National 

 Assembly, and in 1876 was elected to the 

 Chamber of Deputies from Cher. In both 

 bodies he voted with the Left Centre. 



EIOHENS, FRIEDHICH, EDUAED, a German en- 

 graver on copper, born May 27, 1804; died 

 May 5, 1877. He studied under Bnchhorn in 

 the Berlin Academy, and afterward in Parma 

 under Toschi. After his return to Berlin he 

 became professor of drawing in the city schools. 

 Among his more important works are engrav- 

 ings of " The Three Magi " by Raphael, " St. 

 Magdalena" by Domenichino, and "Frederick 

 the Great as Crown- Prince " by Pesne. 



ELWAET, ANTOINE AMABLE ELIE, a French 

 composer, born November 18, 1808; died in 

 October, 1877. He studied in the Conservatory 

 of Music under Lesueur and Fetis, and there 

 gained among others the Roman prize, in con- 

 sequence of which he went to Italy in 1834. 

 After his return he was appointed a professor in 

 the Conservatory. He published several works 

 for instruction in music, among them "Sol- 

 fege Enfantin" (1836), "Methode de Chant," 

 and "Petit Manuel d'Harmonie" (1839; 4th ed., 

 1853). Among his masses and operatic works 

 are " Les Catalans " (1840), " Les Trois Jerusa- 

 lem," and "La Visiere." Besides these works 

 he published numerous symphonies, oratorios, 

 a mystery entitled " Les Noces de Cana," and 

 other works. As a musical author he wrote 

 "Trait6 de Contrepoint et de Fugue" (1840), 

 "Theorie Musicale" (1840), "Histoire de la 

 Societe des Concerts du Conservatoire Imperial 

 de Musique" (1860; 2d ed., 1863), and other 

 works. He also wrote a didactic poem enti- 

 tled "L'Harmonie Musicale" (1853). 



ERMAN, GEORG ADOLF, a German scholar, 

 born May 12, 1806; died July 12, 1877. He 

 first became known by a journey around the 

 world with the object of making magnetic ob- 

 servations. His experiences on this journey 

 enabled Gauss and Weber to establish the the- 

 ory of earth magnetism. His last large work, 

 " Grundlagen der Gauss'schen Theorie, und die 

 Erscheinungen des Erdmagnetismus im Jahre 

 1829 " (1874), he published together with II. 

 Petersen. In 1874 he was elected a member 

 of the Royal Society of London. 



ETTMULLER, EBNST LTTDWIG, a German schol- 

 ar, born October 5, 1802 ; died April, 1877. 

 He studied in Leipsic, established himself as 

 lecturer (Privatdocent) in the University of 

 Jena in 1830, and in 1838 went to Zurich as 

 Professor of German Language and Literature 

 in the gymnasium. He soon, however, resigned 

 this for a position in the university. Ho edited 

 a large number of works in middle High-Ger- 

 man, ancient Low-German, and ancient Scandi- 

 navian. Among the former are " Knnech Lua- 

 rin" (1829), " Sangerkriec uf Wartburc" (1880), 

 "Sant Oswaldes Leben" (1835), and "Heinriohs 

 von Meissen des Frouwenlobes Lieder, Leiche 

 und SprQche " (1843). Of Low-German poems 

 he edited "Theophilus" (1849), "Pat Spil 

 ran der Upstandinge" (1850), and "Wizlawes 



IV., des Fursten von RQgen, Lieder und Spru- 

 che" (1852). He also published a valuable 

 "Lexicon Anglo- Saxonicum " (1851), and an 

 Anglo-Saxon chrestomathy, "Engla andScax- 

 na Scdpas and B6ceras " (1850). Of Norse lit- 

 erature he produced a German version of the 

 " Vauluspa" (1880), of the "Songs of Edda" 

 (1837), and of "Beowulf " (1840). He also pro- 

 duced several original poems, among them 

 "Deutsche Stammkonige" (1844) and "Dasver- 

 hangnissvolle Zahmveh, oder Karl der Grosso 

 und der heiligeGoar" (1852). He also pub- 

 lished a valuable handbook of German litera- 

 ture (1847), and together with Luning a Norse 

 reader (1861). 



FABER, PETER CHRISTIAN FREIERIK, a Danish 

 poet, born October 7, 1810; died in the second 

 week of May, 1877. Among his numerous po- 

 ems, his patriotic song, " Den tappre Laudsol- 

 dat," gained for him great popularity. 



FENTSCH, EDTTARD, a German poet, born in 

 1815 ; died February 12, 1877. He edited for a 

 number of years the almanac Cornelia, for Ger- 

 man ladies, and contributed to it every year a 

 novel and a number of poems. In 1853 the 

 King of Bavaria engaged him to compile a his- 

 tory of the memorable events of the kingdom. 

 In 1870 he published two novels, " Aus der 

 Tiefe" and "Non Possumus" (3 vols.), which 

 were well received. 



FERGUSSON, Sir WILLIAM, a Scotch surgeon, 

 born March 20, 1808; died February 10, 1877. 

 He was at first intended for the legal profes- 

 sion, but when 17 years of age he abandoned 

 the study of law, and became a pupil of Robert 

 Knox, and in two years became a licentiate of 

 the College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, and 

 took the fellowship in the following year. In 

 1836 he was elected Surgeon to the Royal In- 

 firmary, and began to divide the surgical prac- 

 tice of Edinburgh with Mr. Syme. In 1840 ho 

 came to London, having been appointed Pro- 

 fessor of Surgery at King's College. On the 

 death of Mr. Key he was in 1849 made Sur- 

 geon in Ordinary to Prince Albert, Surgeon 

 Extraordinary to the Quetn in 1855, and Ser- 

 geant-Surgeon to the Queen in 1867, having 

 been created a baronet in 1866. 



FITZGERALD, Sir JOHN FORSTKB, a British 

 field-marshal, born about 1785; died March 

 26, 1877. He received his early education at 

 Manchester and in Ireland, and obtained hia 

 first commission in the army in 1798, so that 

 he had held a commission upward of 88 years. 

 In the following year ho was appointed to a 

 captaincy in the 79th Foot, but no does not 

 appear to have actually joined the army till 

 the year 1801, when, at the ago of 16, his nnmo 

 appeared as captain in the 4Cth Foot. He 

 commanded a light battalion and also a brigade 

 in the Peninsula, Moro recently ho had served 

 for some years on the staff at Bombay. Ho 

 attained field-rank in 1880, was nominated a 

 Knight-Commander of the Bath in 1881, and 

 Knight Grand Cross in 1862. He was created 

 a field-marshal in 1875. He had held a seat 



