OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



605 



with the Legion of Honor in 1853. His prin- 

 cipal plays were " M. Chapotard " (1831); 

 "The Assassin " (1832) ; "La Filature " (1834) ; 

 "M. and Madame Galochard" (1836); "The 

 Housekeeper " (1839) ; "The Robber Chief" 

 (1846) ; " The Poetry of Love " (1849) ; " The 

 Prayer of Tantalus " (1850) ; and many others. 



LEFEBVRE-DURUFLE, NOEL JACQUES, a French 

 manufacturer and politician, born February 

 19, 1792 ; died in the first week of November, 

 1877. In 1824 he established a cloth factory 

 at Elbeuf, which soon became very extensive. 

 Under Louis Philippe he was elected to the 

 Chamber of Deputies, and in 1849 to the Legis- 

 lative Assembly. After the coup d'etat, in 

 1851, he was called by Napoleon to the consul- 

 tative commission, and in January, 1852, be- 

 came Minister of Agriculture, Commerce, and 

 Public Works. In July of the same year he 

 resigned this position, in order to take his 

 seat in the Senate, to which he had been ap- 

 pointed. He was a grand officer of the Legion 

 of Honor. 



LEFRANO, PIEREE JOSEPH, a French Senator, 

 born in 1815 ; died June 16, 1877. In 1848 he 

 was elected a member of the Constituent and 

 Legislative Assemblies, and voted constantly 

 with the Republicans. After the coup d'etat 

 he retired to private life. In 1871 he was 

 elected a Deputy and in 1876 a Senator for the 

 Eastern Pyrenees. 



LEHMANN PASHA, a Turkish general, born at 

 Torgau, Germany, in 1821 ; was killed in the 

 Shipka Pass in September, 1877. He went to 

 Constantinople in 1851, entered the Turkish 

 army as instructor, and during the Crimean 

 War distinguished himself at the siege of Se- 

 bastopol. At the beginning of the present 

 war he was in charge of the laboratory near 

 Constantinople. When the Russians crossed 

 the Balkans, he was put in command of the 

 artillery under Rauf Pasha, which decided the 

 battles of Yeni and Eski Sagra. He was then 

 raised to the rank of a Pasha, and sent to the 

 Shipka Pass, where he was killed. 



LELEIOHOKU, WILLIAM PITT, heir-apparent 

 to the throne of the Sandwich Islands, born 

 January 10, 1855 ; died April 10, 1877. He 

 was the brother of King Kalakaua, and as such 

 heir-apparent to the throne. 



LENNOX, Lord HENRY CHARLES GEORGE GOR- 

 DON, born in 1821 ; died February 21, 1877. 

 He was the second son of the 5th Duke of Rich- 

 mond, and brother of the present duke. Ho 

 had been pr6cis writer to the late Earl of Aber- 

 deen, when Secretary of State for Foreign Af- 

 fairs, Secretary to the Admiralty from 1866 

 to 1868, M. P. for Shoreham from 1841 to 1846, 

 and for Chichester from 1846 up to his death, 

 and for some time a Lord of the Treasury. In 

 1874 he was appointed First Commissioner of 

 Works and a Privy Councilor. 



LEUOHTENBERO, SERGITTS, Duke of, Prince of 

 Romanoffski, born December 20 (old style, 8), 

 1849 ; was killed on the Lorn, October 24, 1877. 

 He was the third son of Duke Maximilian of 



Leuchtenberg and the Grand-Duchess Marie, 

 the oldest daughter of the Emperor Nicholas 

 of Russia. Like his brother Eugene he was 

 attached to the lancers of the Russian Guard ; 

 and riding out along the Lorn, during a recon- 

 naissance, he was instantly killed by a Turkish 

 bullet. 



LEVERRIER, UBBAIN JEAN JOSEPH, a French 

 astronomer, born March 11, 1801 ; died Septem- 

 ber 23, 1877. Having studied in the College 

 Louis le Grand and in the Polytechnic School 

 in Paris, he was for a time engineer in the 

 Tobacco Bureau, and then became a teacher in 

 the College Stanislas, and in 1846 was elected 

 to the astronomical section of the Academy 

 of Sciences. At the instigation of Arago ho 

 had devoted himself to speculative astronomy, 

 and had calculated the passage of Mercury in 

 1845 and the course of Faye's comet. He 

 then began his investigations on the course of 

 Uranus, and in 1846 came to the conclusion 

 that the variations of this planet must be caused 

 by a planet situated beyond it, and indicated 

 the position where this planet could be found ; 

 and \vhereitwas found on September 23, 1846, 

 by Galle. In 1849 he became a member of the 

 Legislative Assembly, in 1852 Senator of the 

 Empire, and in 1854 director of the observatory. 

 He was also a member of the Superior Coun- 

 cil of Public Instruction. In consequence of 

 dissensions with his colleagues he was removed 

 from his position as director of the observatory 

 in 1870, but was reappointed in 1873. The 

 planet which he discovered, Neptune, was 

 called for a short time by his name. He con- 

 tinued his studies of the heavens to the last, 

 devoting the latter years of his life principally 

 to the subject of the four large planets. 



LICHTENFELB, TuADDAffl PEiTUNEu, Frcihcrr 

 von, an Austrian jurist and politician, born 

 May 6, 1798 ; died October 2, 1877. He studied 

 law in the University of Vienna, was appointed 

 in 1841 councilor in the highest court, in 1860 

 attorney-general, in 1863 chief of a section in 

 the Ministry of Justice, in 1860 second presi- 

 dent of the Supreme Court, and was pensioner 

 in 1865. In 1866 he was appointed to the in- 

 creased Reichsrath, and in 1861 president of 

 the newly formed Council of State, from which 

 position he retired in 1865. In 1861 he was 

 created a life member of the Herrenhaus, 

 where he distinguished himself as an orator. 

 He was also a member of numerous committees, 

 and was well known for his able reports to the 

 House. 



LINDSAY, J. WILLIAM SHAW, a British M. P., 

 born in 1816; died August 28, 1877. He was in 

 Parliament for Tynemouth from 1854 to I860. 

 and for Sunderland from 1859 to 1865. In 1842 

 he published "Our Navigation and Morcan- 

 tile Marine Laws," and recently " A History 

 of Mercantile Shipping." 



LITTBOW, KARL Lrnwio VON, nn Anstrinn 

 astronomer, born July 18, 1811 ; died Novem- 

 ber 16, 1877. In 1831 he became the assistant 

 of his father Joseph Johann von Littrow, ond 



