606 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



in 1842 succeeded him as director of the Vien- 

 na observatory. He furnished a new method 

 of determining the longitude at sea, translated 

 Airy's "History of Astronomy in the Begin- 

 ning of the Nineteenth Century," and was the 

 author of a " Popular Geometry." 



LONGMAN, WILLIAM, a British publisher and 

 author, died August 13, 1877, at an advanced 

 age. He was the second son of the head of 

 the celebrated publishing house of Longmans, 

 Green, Reader & Dyer. This house was vir- 

 tually established by Thomas Longman, who, 

 in 1725, became a partner of John Osborn, 

 a bookseller and stationer in Paternoster Row, 

 London, the same site being occupied by his 

 successors up to the present day. They pub- 

 lished a number of the best productions of 

 English literature. William Longman was 

 also the author of numerous works, the princi- 

 pal of which are " The History of the Life and 

 Times of Edward III.," and "Lectures on the 

 History of England from the Earliest Times to 

 the Death of King Edward II." 



LUDWIG III., Grand-Duke of Hesse, born 

 June 9, 1806 ; died June 12, 1877. On March 

 5, 1848, he was appointed coregent of the 

 duchy, and was received with great enthusiasm, 

 as he was considered an opponent to the cler- 

 ical and absolutistic tendencies of those days. 

 He succeeded to the throne on June 16, 1848, 

 and in 1850 changed his policy completely, 

 appointing a reactionary ministry. In 1866 

 he took part in the war against Prussia, and 

 was saved only by his relationship to the Em- 

 peror of Russia, whose nephew he was, from 

 being dethroned. He was married to Princess 

 Mathilde, daughter of King Ludwig I. of Bava- 

 ria, who died in 1862. Dying without issue 

 he is succeeded by his nephew Ludwig, his 

 younger brother Charles having died a few 

 months before him. 



LUSHINGTON, Sir STEPHEN, a British admiral, 

 born in 1803 ; died May 28, 1877. He entered 

 the navy in 1816, was promoted to the rank of 

 captain in 1829, was superintendent of the 

 Indian navy in 1848-'52, served with distinc- 

 tion during the Crimean War, and commanded 

 the naval brigade on shore at the capture of 

 Sebastopol. From 1862 to 1865 he was Lieu- 

 tenant-Governor of Greenwich Hospital. He 

 obtained flag-rank in 1858, was promoted to 

 vice-admiral in 1865, and in the same year 

 was placed on the reserved list. In 1867 he 

 was created a G. C. B. 



MADOU, JEAN BAPTISTE, a Belgian painter, 

 born in 1796; died April' 3, 1877. His genre 

 paintings have gained for him considerable 

 reputation, both at home and abroad. He was 

 the founder and president of the Belgian Asso- 

 ciation of Water-colors. Among his paintings 

 are "The Wandering Musicians," " Much Ado 

 about Nothing," and " The Feast at the Cha- 

 teau." 



MANSTEIN, GTJSTAV VON, a German general, 

 born August 24, 1805 ; died May 11, 1877. He 

 entered the Prussian service in 1822, and ad- 



vanced slowly, becoming major-general in 

 1859. In 1863 he was placed in command of 

 the Sixth Infantry Division, and at the same 

 time was created lieutenant-general. As such 

 he took part in the campaigns against Den- 

 mark in 1863 and Austria in 1866, in both of 

 which he greatly distinguished himself. In 

 1867 he was appointed to the command of the 

 Ninth Army Corps, and in the following year 

 was created a general of infantry. In the war 

 with France in 1870 he also distinguished him- 

 self, and after the restoration of peace retained 

 the command of the Ninth Corps, until, in 

 1872, he was pensioned, at his own request. 

 He was decorated with numerous German and 

 foreign orders. 



MAEIA, ex-Queen of Saxony, born January 

 27, 1805 ; died September 14, 1877. She was 

 a daughter of King Maximilian I. Joseph of 

 Bavaria, and in 1833 married King Frederick 

 August II. of Saxony, who died August 9, 

 1854, without issue, and was therefore suc- 

 ceeded by his brother, the father of the pres- 

 ent King. 



MARIE LUISE ALEXANDRINE, Princess of 

 Prussia, born February 3, 1808; died Janu- 

 ary 18, 1877. She was the daughter of the 

 Grand-Duke Charles Frederick of Saxony, and 

 a sister of the Empress Augusta. In 1827 she 

 was married to Prince Charles, the brother of 

 the Emperor William. She leaves three chil- 

 dren, one son and two daughters. The former, 

 Prince Frederick Charles, has established for 

 himself a reputation as one of the ablest Ger- 

 man generals. 



MARTIN, NICOLAS, a French poet, born July 

 7, 1814; died in August, 1877. He wrote a 

 number of poems for newspapers, which were 

 collected under the title of " Les Harmonies de 

 la Famille " (1837), which was followed by a 

 collection of poems and songs, " Ariel " (1841), 

 and a poem, "Louise" (1842). He also pub- 

 lished "Les Poetes Contemporains de 1'Alle- 

 magne," " Contes Allemands," imitations of 

 Hebel and Simrock, and a translation of the 

 " Family Tales " of the Grimm Brothers. 



MAXWELL, Lady CAROLINE ELIZABETH SARAH, 

 an English authoress, better known as Mrs. 

 Norton, born in 1808; died June 15, 1877. 

 From a very early age, she showed considera- 

 ble taste for authorship, and produced the 

 " Dandies' Rout," with illustrations from her 

 own designs. She was married to the Hon. 

 George 0. Norton, a brother of Lord Grantley. 

 This union did not prove a happy one, and 

 Mr. Norton died in 1867, having long been 

 separated from his wife. March 1, 1876, she 

 was married to Sir William Stirling Maxwell. 

 Her most widely known poem is "Bingen on 

 the Rhine." 



MELLISH, Sir GEORGE, born in 1814; died 

 June 15, 1877. He was educated at Eton and 

 University College, Oxford; was admitted to 

 the bar at the Inner Temple in 1848 ; was ap- 

 pointed a Queen's counsel in 1861, and in 1877 

 was elevated to the bench as Lord Justice of 



