OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



611 



ingly for the care of the wounded soldiers, 

 both friends and foes, and gained among the 

 soldiers the sobriquet of Mother Simon. She 

 laid down her experiences in " Erfahrungen 

 auf dem Gebieteder freiwilligen Krankenpflege 

 im deutsch-franzosischen Kriege," and "Die 

 Krankenpflege." 



SLADE, Sir ADOLPHTTS, a British admiral, 

 born in 1803 ; died November 13, 1877. He 

 entered the navy in 1816, passed his examina- 

 tion in 1822, and obtained his commission as 

 lieutenant in 1827. He traveled extensively 

 in Turkey and Russia during the campaign of 

 1828-'29, and wrote an account called "Records 

 of Travels in Turkey," which has gone through 

 three editions. In 1834 he was appointed ad- 

 ditional lieutenant to the flag- ship Caledonia 

 in the Mediterranean, and for the next three 

 years, with his knowledge of Turkish, was em- 

 ployed in confidential diplomatic missions. In 

 1841 he was promoted to the rank of com- 

 mander, and in 1846 was appointed to take the 

 first iron ship in the navy, the Recruit, on an 

 experimental cruise. In 1846 he attained post 

 rank, and shortly afterward was selected by 

 the Foreign Office to proceed to Turkey, when 

 a breach seemed imminent between that coun- 

 try and Austria, on account of the Hungarian 

 refugees. Shortly afterward he was "lent" 

 to the Porte by the British Government for 

 the purpose of reorganizing the Turkish navy, 

 in which labor he was engaged 20 years, in- 

 cluding the Crimean War. He thus laid the 

 foundation of the present Turkish fleet. He 

 rose to the rank of admiral in the Turkish 

 navy, and received the title of Much aver or 

 Consulting Pasha. He was appointed rear-ad- 

 miral in the British navy in 1866, when he 

 quitted the Turkish service, and was placed on 

 the list of retired vice-admirals in 1873. He 

 was the author of "Turkey and the Crimean 

 War," and was decorated with many British 

 and foreign medals. 



SMEE, ALFRED, a British surgeon, born in 

 1818; died in January, 1877. He possessed a 

 thorough knowledge of electricity, and invent- 

 ed a galvanic battery which bears his name. 

 He was surgeon of the Bank of England, and 

 devised the paper on which the bank notes are 

 printed at present. He was the author of 

 "Electro-Metallurgy," "Sources of Physical 

 Science" (1843), "Electro-Biology," 'The 

 Potato-Plant, its Uses and Properties" (1846), 

 "The Principles of the Human Mind" (1849), 

 and other works. 



SMIRKE, SYDNEY, a British architect, born in 

 the beginning of the present century; died 

 December 11, 1877. He gained great reputa- 

 tion in his profession, winning the gold medal 

 of the Royal Academy in 1819. He was em- 

 ployed on various club-houses and churches in 

 London, partly alone, and partly with his 

 brother, Sir Robert Smirke. Among his best 

 works are the Carlton Club, and the restoration 

 of Temple Church, the Lichfield Cathedral, and 

 the York Minster. In 1847 he succeeded his 



brother as architect of the British Museum, 

 was elected Associate of the Royal Academy in 



1848, a full member in 1860, Professor of 

 Architecture in the Academy in 1861, and 

 Treasurer in 1862. He was Trustee of the 

 Royal Academy and of the Soane Museum, and 

 had been a Fellow of the Royal. Institute of 

 British Architects for many years. 



SMITH, Lady PLEASANCE, born May 11, 1778; 

 died February 3, 1877. In 1796, she was mar- 

 ried to Sir James Smith, the founder of the 

 Linnean Society, who died in 1828. She was 

 cherished by all who knew her for her charity, 

 kindness of heart, and intelligence. 



SOPHIA, Queen of the Netherlands, born 

 June 17, 1818 ; died June 8, 1877. She was 

 the daughter of King William I. of Wurtem- 

 berg and his second wife, the Grand-Duchess 

 Catherine of Russia. She was married to the 

 Prince of Orange, who succeeded his father in 



1849, and by whom she left two sons. She 

 was one of the most learned and best educated 

 women that ever occupied a throne, and was 

 throughout her lifetime the warm friend and 

 protectress of John Lothrop Motley, who died 

 before her but a few days. She was also a 

 true friend and sympathizer of Napoleon III. 



SOUST DE BOBCKENFELD, ADOLPHE VAN, a 



Belgian poet, died April 28, 1877. He was one 

 of the most prominent champions of the Flem- 

 ish movement. In 1871 he published " Annee 

 Sanglante," a poetic glorification of the Ger- 

 man victories. 



STEINMETZ, KARL FRIEDRICH VON, a German 

 field-marshal, born in 1796; died August 4, 

 1877. He commenced his military career in 

 1812 in the wars against Napoleon. In 1848, at 

 the outbreak of the revolution, he was in com- 

 mand of one of the regiments of the Royal 

 Guard stationed at Berlin, and greatly dis- 

 tinguished himself in the struggle with the 

 populace. At the close of the same year he 

 commanded a regiment in the war against Den- 

 mark. Although it was his earnest desire to 

 participate in the campaign of 1864, he was 

 ordered elsewhere, and remained inactive. In 

 the Austro-Prussian campaign of 1866 he com- 

 manded the Fifth Prussian Corps, and defeated 

 three different Austrian corps in the space of 

 four days, from June 25th to 29th, at Nachod, 

 Skalitz, and Schweinschaedel. On the out- 

 break of the war with France he commanded 

 the first army sent to operate in the neighbor- 

 hood of Metz against Marshal Bazaine. During 

 the progress of the siege his position was ren- 

 dered very uncomfortable through various 

 causes, and he finally asked to be relieved from 

 his command. The Emperor acceded to his 

 demand, and appointed him on SepU-inber 12, 

 1870, Governor-General of Posen. From that 

 period to his death he lived in comparative re- 

 tirement. 



STEYER, GUSTAV, a German artist, born li 

 1823 ; died March 18, 1877. Ho studied in the 

 academies of Berlin and Paris, and aft. r : 

 residences in various cities, he finally settled In 



