690 



SCHURZ, CARL. 



SERVIA. 



mirable skill and self-devotion, effected the es- 

 cape of Kinkel from the fortress of Spandau, 

 where he had been condemned to twenty years' 

 imprisonment. In the spring of 1851 he was 

 in Paris, acting as correspondent for German 

 journals, and he afterward spent a year in teach- 

 ing in London. He came to the United States 

 in 1852, resided three years in Philadelphia, and 

 then settled in Madison, Wis. In the presi- 

 dential canvass of 1856 he delivered speeches 

 in German in behalf of the Republican party, 

 and in the following year was defeated as a 

 candidate for Lieutenant- Governor of Wiscon- 

 sin. During the contest between Mr. Douglas 

 and Mr. Lincoln for the office of United States 

 Senator from Illinois, in 1858, he delivered his 

 first speech in the English language, which was 

 widely republished. Soon after he removed to 

 Milwaukee, and began the practice of law. In 

 the winter of 1859-'60 he made a lecture tour 

 in New England, and aroused attention by a 

 speech delivered in Springfield, Mass., against 

 the ideas and policy of Mr. Douglas. He was 

 an influential member of the Republican Na- 

 tional Convention of 1860, being largely instru- 

 mental in determining that portion of the plat- 

 form relating to citizens of foreign origin, and 

 spoke both in English and German during the 

 canvass which followed. President Lincoln 

 appointed him Minister to Spain, which post 

 he resigned in December, 1861, in order to en- 

 ter the army. In April, 1862, he was commis- 

 sioned brigadier-general of volunteers, and on 

 June 17th assumed command of a division in the 

 corps of General Sigel, with which he took part 

 in the second battle of Bull Run. He was made 

 major-general, March 14, 1863, and at the bat- 

 tle of Chancellorsville commanded a division of 

 General Howard's corps (the llth), which was 

 routed by Jackson. He had temporary com- 

 mand of the llth Corps at the battle of Gettys- 

 burg, and subsequently took part in the battle 

 of Chattanooga. On the close of the war he 

 returned to the practice of law. In 1865-'66 

 he was the Washington correspondent of the 

 New York Tribune, and in 1866 he made a re- 

 port, as special commissioner appointed by 

 President Johnson, on the condition of the 

 Southern States, which was submitted to Con- 

 gress. In the same year he removed to Detroit, 

 where he founded the Detroit Post, and in 1867 

 he became editor of the Westliche Post, a Ger- 

 man newspaper, published in St. Louis. He 

 was temporary chairman of the Republican Na- 

 tional Convention in Chicago in 1868, and la- 

 bored earnestly in the succeeding canvass for 

 the election of General Grant. In January, 

 1869, he was chosen United States Senator 

 from Missouri, for the term ending in 1875. 

 He opposed some of the leading measures of 

 President Grant's administration, and in 1872 

 took a prominent part in the organization of 

 the Liberal party, presiding over the convention 

 in Cincinnati which nominated Horace Greeley 

 for the presidency. He visited Europe in 1873, 

 and again in 1875, being received with much 



consideration in his native country. On his 

 return he took part in the political canvass in 

 Ohio, in which he opposed strenuously the in- 

 crease of the national currency. 



In the presidential campaign of 1876, Mr. 

 Schurz made speeches in various parts of the 

 country in favor of the election of Governor 

 Hayes; and in March following he was made 

 Secretary of the Interior in the President's 

 cabinet. 



SEMMES, RAPHAEL, an officer in the Con- 

 federate navy, died at Point Clear, Ala., Au- 

 gust 30th. He was born in Charles County, 

 Md., September 27, 1809, and entered the 

 United States navy as a midshipman in 1826, 

 became lieutenant in 1837, and commander in 

 1865. In 1834, while awaiting orders, he 

 studied law, and was admitted to the bar at 

 Cumberland, Md. During the Mexican War 

 he served both on board ship, and as an aide 

 to General Worth. On the outbreak of the 

 civil war he resigned the secretaryship of the 

 Lighthouse Board at Washington, took com- 

 mand of the Confederate steamer Snmter at 

 New Orleans, ran the blockade at the mouth 

 of the Mississippi, and in July, 1861, captured 

 several American merchant vessels in the Gulf. 

 He then went to Southampton, England, where 

 he was for some time closely watched by the 

 United States steamer Tuscarora. When he 

 put to sea the Tuscarora was detained 24 

 hours by the British authorities ; but she fol- 

 lowed him to the Straits of Gibraltar, and so 

 closely blockaded him in the port of Tangier 

 that he sold his vessel and returned to Eng- 

 land. In August, 1862, he took command of 

 the steamer Alabama, built for him at Birken- 

 head, England, and manned by an English 

 crew, and continued his career of capturing 

 and destroying merchant vessels. On January 

 11, 1863, off Galveston, Texas, he engaged the 

 United States gunboat Hatteras, and after a 

 short action sunk her. On June 19, 1864, in 

 an engagement nine miles off the harbor of 

 Cherbourg, France, the United States steamer 

 Zearsarge, Captain Winslow, snnk the Ala- 

 bama. Semmes was taken up by the English 

 yacht Deerhound, and carried to England. 

 After the close of the war he entered upon 

 the practice of law in Mobile, Ala. He was 

 arrested and taken to Washington in Decem- 

 ber, 1864, but was imprisoned only four months. 

 He delivered public lectures on his exploits, 

 and published " Service afloat and ashore 

 during the Mexican War " (1851), " Campaign 

 of General Scott in the Valley of Mexico" 

 (1852), " The Cruise of the Alabama and the 

 Sumter" (London and New York, 1864), and 

 " Memoirs of Service afloat during the War 

 between the States" (Baltimore, 1869). 



SERVIA, a principality of Southeastern 

 Europe. Prince, Milan IV. Obrenovitch, born 

 in 1854; succeeded to the throne by the elec- 

 tion of the Servian National Assembly, after 

 the assassination of his uncle, Prince Michael 

 Obrenovitch, June, 1868; was crowned at Bel- 



