698 



SPAIN. 



court on November 8th, ordered the prisoners 

 to be brought in. After stating his reasons 

 for refusing a new trial in the cases of two of 

 them, and deciding not to grant the motion in 

 arrest of judgment, he passed sentence on each 

 of the prisoners as follows : 



F. L. Cardozo, " to be confined in the county 

 jail for two years, and pay a fine of $4,000 ; in 

 default of payment of the fine, to be imprisoned 

 for an additional year." 



L. Cass Carpenter, "to be confined in the 

 county iail for two years, and pav a fine of 

 $1,000." 



Robert Smalls, " to be confined in the peni- 

 tentiary with hard labor for three years." 



They were defended by eminent counsel, 

 who, after the sentences had been passed, an- 

 nounced that he had filed and served upon the 

 Attorney-General notice of appeal in all the 

 three cases ; and asked that the prisoners might 

 be released on bail, pending the action of the 

 higher court. After opposition and argument 

 on this point, the matter seems to have been 

 arranged on the following day, and the pris- 

 oners admitted to bail in the sum of $10,000 

 each. 



SPAIN, a kingdom of Southern Europe. 

 King, Alfonso XII., born November 28, 1857 ; 

 proclaimed King December 30, 1874. The 

 ministry in 1877 was composed as follows : 

 Canovas del Castillo, President of the Council ; 

 Silvela, Foreign Affairs; Calderon y Collantes, 

 Justice ; Caballos y Vargas, War ; Barzanalla- 

 na, Finances ; Pavia, Navy ; Romero y Ro- 

 bledo, Interior ; Count Toreno, Agriculture 

 and Commerce ; Herrera, Colonies. The area 

 of Spain is 195,774 square miles ; the popula- 

 tion in 1870 was 16,635,506. The area of the 

 Spanish colonies* was 117,209 square miles; 

 the population, 8,093,610. 



The population of the capitals of the prov- 

 inces of Spain is as follows, according to a 

 memoir prepared by Sefior Guillem, chief of a 

 bureau in the Ministry of the Interior. 



Madrid 867,284 I Vittoria 18,684 



Barcelona 215,965 ! Gerona 18,606 



Valencia. 153.457 j Lerida 18.421 



Seville liaS83 Badajoz. 17,960 



Malaga 97,943 St. Sebastian 17,902 



Murcia 82,620 ; Toledo 17,278 



Saragossa. 67,539 Albacete 16,626 



Granada 60.500 '< Salamanca 16,292 



Cadiz 67,020 



Palma 54,421 



ValladoHd 44,871 



Cordova.... 1 44.418 



Santander 89.011 



Almeria 84.315 Huelva 11,722 



Oviedo 81,880 ! Cindad Real 11,684 



Corunna 29,823 i Orense 10,955 



Alicante 28,909 i Caceres 10,844 



Bilbao 26,857 Segovia 10,346 



Burgos 24.426 Teruel 10,842 



Pampelona 22.654 i Leon 10,296 



Castellon 21,929 Huesca 10,246 



Lugo 21.699 Avila 7,968 



Jaen.. . . .... 20.998 | Cuenca 6.981 



Santa Cruz on Tene- 1 



riffa |" 



Zamora 14,197 



Palencia 13.2fl 



Logrono 12,756 



Tarragona 19,002 



Pontevedra 18,997 



Guadalaxara.. . 

 Soria. 



6.574 

 6,820 



for 1877-'78 were estimated as follows (values 

 in pesetas, 1 peseta = 19.3 cents) : 



REVENUE. 



1. Direct taxes ............................ 287,221.328 



2. Indirect taxes .......................... 209,017,500 



8. Stamps and Government monopolies ____ 219,265,027 



4. Receipts from national property ......... 12.864,792 



5. Receipts from the colonies .............. 5,000,000 



6. War indemnity from Morocco ........... 2,500,000 



Total. ..................... ........ 785,868,647 



EXPENDITURE. 



1. Civil list ............................... 9.500.000 



2. Cortes .................................. 1,007,428 



8. Public debt ............................ 249,724.445 



4. Justice ................................. 2,985.940 



5. Pensions ............................... 41,695,782 



6. Presidency ofthe Council ofMinisters.... 1,081,709 



7. Ministry of Foreign Affairs .............. 8.258,1 13 



8. 



9. 

 10. 

 11. 

 12. 

 13. 



Justice ..................... 52,629,807 



War. ....................... 122,291,918 



the Navy ................... 25,984,774 



the Interior. ................ 40.881,924 



PubllcWorks ............... 48,657,209 



Finances .................. 133.156,680 



14. Extraordinary expenditures ............. 2,775,000 



Total.. ............ . .............. 735,775,184 



The public debt on June 30, 1876, amounted 

 to 37,028,312,246 reals (1 real = $0.0496). 



The Spanish army is to consist, according to 

 a new plan of the Minister of War, in time of 

 peace, of 100,000 men, of whom 69,492 will 

 belong to the infantry, 16,130 to the cavalry, 

 10,232 to the artillery, and 4,146 to the corps 

 of engineers. The fleet, in 1875, was composed 

 as follows : 



The revenue and expenditure in the budget 



* For a detailed account of the area and population of each 

 ofthe colonies, gee ASKUAL CYCLOPAEDIA for 1874. 



The commercial navy consisted, on June 1, 

 1877, of 2,685 sailing vessels of 381,070 tons, 

 and 230 steamers of 176,250 tons, together 

 2,915 vessels of 557,320 tons. 



The aggregate length of the railroads in op- 

 eration amounted, on January 1, 1876, to 5,796 

 kilometres (1 kilometre = 0.62 English mile) ; 

 the aggregate length of the telegraph lines, on 

 January 1, 1875, to 12,260 kilometres ; that of 

 the wires to 29,648 kilometres. The number 

 of dispatches was 1,590,823, of which 890,833 

 were inland, 407,781 foreign, and 292,209 offi- 

 cial dispatches. 



The first legislative session under the gov- 



